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Human transcriptome analysis of acute responses to glucose ingestion reveals a role of leukocytes in hyperglycemia induced inflammation.

ABSTRACT: Objective was to examine acute gene expression responses to physiologic oral glucose ingestion in human circulating leukocytes. Microarray study of human circulating leukocytes sampled before, 1 hour after and 2 hours after glucose ingestion was performed. The present study demonstrated 36 genes which showed acute gene expression change in human leukocytes within 1 hour after glucose ingestion and suggest that leukocytes participate in the inflammatory process induced by acute hyperglycemia. Microarray study of human circulating leukocytes sampled before, 1 hour after and 2 hours after glucose ingestion

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Kim Hye-Ryun

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-32909 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Human transcriptome analysis of acute responses to glucose ingestion reveals a role of leukocytes in hyperglycemia induced inflammation.

Project description:Objective was to examine acute gene expression responses to physiologic oral glucose ingestion in human circulating leukocytes. Microarray study of human circulating leukocytes sampled before, 1 hour after and 2 hours after glucose ingestion was performed. The present study demonstrated 36 genes which showed acute gene expression change in human leukocytes within 1 hour after glucose ingestion and suggest that leukocytes participate in the inflammatory process induced by acute hyperglycemia.

2013-01-06 | GSE32909 | GEO

Exosomal Proteins and Brown Fat Activation

Project description:Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a promising weapon to combat obesity and metabolic disease. BAT is thermogenic and consumes substantial amounts of glucose and fatty acids as fuel for thermogenesis and energy expenditure. To study BAT function in large human longitudinal cohorts, safe and precise detection methodologies are needed. Although regarded a gold standard, the foray of PET-CT into BAT research and clinical applications is limited by its high ionizing radiation doses. Here, we show that brown adipocytes release exosomes in blood plasma which can be utilized to assess BAT activity. In this study, we investigated circulating protein biomarkers that can accurately and reliably reflect BAT activation triggered by cold exposure, capsinoids ingestion and thyroid hormone excess in humans.

2022-06-09 | PXD023909 | Pride

Exercise-induced molecular mechanisms for glycogen supercompensation in human skeletal muscle

Project description:A single bout of exercise followed by intake of carbohydrates leads to glycogen supercompensation in the prior exercised muscle. The molecular mechanisms underlying this well-known phenomenon remain elusive. Here we report that a single bout of exercise induces marked activation of glycogen synthase (GS) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) for several days beyond normalized muscle glycogen content in man. Acute muscle specific deletion of AMPK activity in mouse muscle abrogated the ability for glycogen supercompensation, providing genetic evidence that AMPK serves as essential driver for glycogen supercompensation. Muscle proteomic analyses revealed elevated glucose uptake capacity in the prior exercised muscle while key proteins in fat oxidation and glycolysis largely remained unchanged. The temporal order of these sustained cellular alterations induced by a single bout of exercise provide a mechanism to offset the otherwise tight feedback inhibition of glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake by glycogen, ultimately leading to muscle glycogen supercompensation.

2018-08-30 | PXD009196 | Pride

Homo sapiens

Project description:Human transcriptome analysis of acute responses to glucose ingestion reveals a role of leukocytes in hyperglycemia induced inflammation.

| PRJNA146591 | ENA

Effects of CPAP Therapy on Leukocyte Gene Expression

Project description:Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with a number of chronic disorders that may improve with effective therapy. However, the molecular pathways affected by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment are largely unknown. We sought to assess the system-wide consequences of CPAP therapy by transcriptionally profiling peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Methods: Subjects diagnosed with severe OSA were treated with CPAP, and whole-genome expression measurement of PBLs was performed at baseline and following therapy. We used Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to identify gene sets that were differentially enriched. Network analysis was then applied to identify key drivers of pathways influenced by CPAP. Results: 18 subjects with severe OSA (apnea hypopnea index ≥ 30 events/hour) underwent CPAP therapy and microarray analysis of their PBLs. Treatment with CPAP improved AHI, daytime sleepiness and blood pressure but did not affect anthropometric measures. GSEA revealed a number of enriched gene sets, many of which were involved in neoplastic processes and displayed down-regulated expression patterns in response to CPAP. Network analysis identified several densely connected genes that are important modulators of cancer and tumor growth. Conclusions: Effective therapy of OSA with CPAP is associated with alterations in circulating leukocyte gene expression. Functional enrichment and network analyses highlighted transcriptional suppression in cancer-related pathways suggesting potentially novel mechanisms linking OSA with neoplastic signatures. Total RNA from peripheral blood leukocytes of 18 subjects with severe sleep apnea at baseline and after effective CPAP therapy was hybridized to 36 Affymetrix Genechip Human Gene 1.0 ST microarrays

2013-12-31 | E-GEOD-49800 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Calorie restriction-like effects of 30 days of resveratrol supplementation on energy metabolism and metabolic profile in obese humans

Project description:Resveratrol is a naturally occurring compound that profoundly affects energy metabolism and mitochondrial function and serves as a calorie restriction mimetic, at least in animal models of obesity. Here we treated 10 healthy, obese men with placebo and 150 mg/day resveratrol in a randomized double-blind cross-over study for 30 days. Resveratrol supplementation significantly reduced sleeping- and resting metabolic rate. In muscle, resveratrol activated AMPK, increased SIRT1 and PGC-1alpha protein levels, increased citrate synthase activity, and improved muscle mitochondrial respiration on a fatty acid-derived substrate. Furthermore, resveratrol elevated intramyocellular lipid levels, and decreased intrahepatic lipid content, circulating glucose, triglycerides, alanine-aminotransferase, and inflammation markers. Systolic blood pressure dropped and HOMA index improved after resveratrol. In the postprandial state, adipose tissue lipolysis and plasma fatty acid and glycerol decreased. In conclusion, we demonstrate that 30 days of resveratrol supplementation induces profound metabolic changes in obese subjects, mimicking the effects of calorie restriction. double-blind randomized cross-over study, Expression profiling by microarray

2011-11-08 | E-GEOD-32357 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The human reticulocyte transcriptome (HG-U133_Plus2.0)

Project description:RNA from circulating blood reticulocytes was utilized to provide a robust description of genes transcribed at the final stages of erythroblast maturation. After depletion of leukocytes and platelets, Affymetrix HG-U133Plus 2.0 arrays were hybridized with probe from total RNA isolated from blood sampled from 6 umbilical cords and 6 healthy adult humans.

2009-12-01 | GSE17639 | GEO

The human reticulocyte transcriptome

Project description:RNA from circulating blood reticulocytes was utilized to provide a robust description of genes transcribed at the final stages of erythroblast maturation. After depletion of leukocytes and platelets, Affymetrix HG-U133 arrays were hybridized with probe from total RNA isolated from blood sampled from 14 umbilical cords and 14 healthy adult humans. Keywords: Adult vs. fetal reticulocyte transcriptome comparison

2007-03-26 | GSE6236 | GEO

Transcription profiling of human leukocytes to measure the postprandial effect of an oat bran meal on heathy subjects

Project description:The goal was to measure the postprandial effect of an oat bran meal on gene expression in leukocytes from healthy subjects and to investigate the postprandial glucose, insulin and triglyceride responses. Linear mixed models were used for the array data to study the simultaneous dependency on many factors and functional categories of genes whose expression were correlated with oat bran intake were determined.

2010-07-01 | E-MEXP-2261 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Polyunsaturated fatty acids acutely affect triacylglycerol-derived skeletal muscle fatty acid uptake and increases postprandial insulin sensitivity

Project description:Dietary fat quality may influence skeletal muscle lipid handling and fat accumulation, thereby modulating insulin sensitivity. Objective: To examine acute effects of meals with various fatty acid (FA) compositions on skeletal muscle FA handling and postprandial insulin sensitivity in obese insulin resistant men. Design: In a single-blinded randomized crossover study, 10 insulin resistant men consumed three high-fat mixed-meals (2.6MJ). Meals were high in saturated FA (SFA), in monounsaturated FA (MUFA) or in polyunsaturated FA (PUFA). Fasting and postprandial skeletal muscle FA handling were examined by measuring arterio-venous concentration differences across forearm muscle. [2H2]-palmitate was infused intravenously to label endogenous triacylglycerol (TAG) and FFA in the circulation and [U-13C]-palmitate was added to the meal to label chylomicron-TAG. Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken to assess intramuscular lipid metabolism and gene expression. Results: Insulin and glucose responses (AUC) after SFA meal were significantly higher compared with PUFA meal (p=0.003 and 0.028, respectively). Uptake of TAG-derived FA was significantly lower in the early postprandial phase after PUFA meal as compared with other meals (AUC60-120, p<0.001). The PUFA meal induced less transcriptional downregulation of oxidative pathways compared with other meals. The fractional synthetic rate was higher in DAG and PL fraction after MUFA and PUFA meal. Conclusion: Intake of a PUFA meal reduced TAG-derived skeletal muscle FA uptake, which was accompanied by higher postprandial insulin sensitivity and a tendency towards a higher muscle lipid turnover. These data suggest that the effects of replacement of SFA by PUFA may contribute to less muscle lipid uptake and may be therefore protective against the development of insulin resistance. Keywords: expression profiling by array randomized crossover dietary intervention study

2012-02-21 | E-GEOD-31901 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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