Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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RP58 controls neuron and astrocyte differentiation by downregulating the expression of Id1-4 genes in the developing cortex

ABSTRACT: Appropriate number of neurons and glial cells is generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) by the regulation of cell cycle exit and subsequent differentiation. Although the regulatory mechanism remains obscure, Id (inhibitor of differentiation) proteins are known to contribute critically to NSC proliferation by controlling cell cycle. Here we report that a transcriptional factor, RP58, negatively regulates all 4 Id genes (Id1-Id4) in developing cerebral cortex. Consistently, Rp58 knockout (KO) mice demonstrated enhanced astrogenesis accompanied with an excess of NSCs. These phenotypes were mimicked by the overexpression of all Id genes in wild-type cortical progenitors. Furthermore, Rp58 KO phenotypes were rescued by the knockdown of all Id genes in mutant cortical progenitors but not by the knockdown of each single Id gene. Finally, we determined p57 as an effector gene of RP58-Id-mediated cell fate control. These findings establish RP58 as a novel key regulator that controls the self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs and restriction of astrogenesis by repressing all Id genes during corticogenesis. Sample RNAs were obtained from E16.5 Rp58 KO mouse cerebral cortex or control cortex. Two independent total RNA samples from each mouse strain were mixed and purified using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen). Oligonucleotide microarray analysis was performed using Panorama Micro Array gene expression chips, each containing approx 22000 probe sets (Sigma-Aldrich) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Shinobu Hirai

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-34327 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Lactic acid bacteria confer a variety of health benefits. Here we investigate the mechanisms by which Lactobacillus brevis KB290 enhances cell-mediated cytotoxic activity. We fed a diet containing KB290 (3 M-CM-^W 10^9 colony-forming units/g) , or potato starch, to 9-week-old female BALB/c mice for 1, 4, 7, or 14 days and examined the cytotoxic activity of splenocytes was measured. RNA was extracted from the spleen and analyzed for gene expression by DNA microarray. KB290 enhanced the cell-mediated cytotoxic activity of splenocytes. The Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to immune process were significantly enriched in up-regulated gene set for 7 days and the GO terms related to cellular process were enriched in down-regulated gene set on days 4 and 7. Among the GO terms related to immune process, positive regulation of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity was existed. Almost all of the genes included in the term encoded MHC class I molecules, which are involved in the presentation of antigen to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. On the other hand, the over-represented Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways among the up-regulated genes were those for natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity and antigen processing and presentation on day 1. Although the up-regulated genes involved in antigen processing and presentation for stimulation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells were not observed on day 14, some genes involved in T cell and natural killer cell activation remained up-regulated until day 14. The sequential gene expression profiling reflected the changes in cytotoxic activity during KB290 feeding. These results suggest that the enhanced cytotoxic activity could have been caused both by activation of natural killer cells and by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells stimulated via MHC class I presentation. Specific-pathogen-free female BALB/c mice, aged 8 weeks, were purchased from Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc. They (n = 48) were divided into two groups, control and KB290 (4 cages per group) with equal mean body weights. They were allowed to free access to a commercial normal diet CE-2 (CLEA Japan, Inc.) and sterile water during one-week acclimation period. Then, they received lyophilized KB290 for the treatment group diet (3x109 cfu/g) or 5.8% (w/w) potato starch (Nippon Starch Chemical) for the control group diet for 1, 4, 7, and 14 days. Daily intake of KB290 containing diet per treated mouse was 3.99g, or about 1 M-CM-^W 1010 cfu. On day 1, 4, 7, and 14, six mice in each group were euthanized and their spleens were sampled for Cell-mediated cytotoxicity and DNA microarray assay.

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RP58 controls neuron and astrocyte differentiation by downregulating the expression of Id1-4 genes in the developing cortex

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