Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Cell-specific Interleukin-15 and Interleukin-15 receptor subunit expression and regulation in pneumococcal pneumonia

ABSTRACT: IL-15 has critical impact on the homeostasis and activation of NK, NKT, gdT and CD8+T cells, and contributes to antimicrobial defenses particularly at mucosal sites. The respiratory tract also comprises a large mucosal surface and harbors significant amounts of lymphocytes, but the expression pattern of IL-15 in the lung and its role in local immune responses are largely unknown. We therefore analyzed the differential expression of IL-15 and the IL-15 receptor (IL-15R) complex in the lungs of mice, and demonstrated substantial constitutive expression in bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells, implicating contribution to pulmonary immune cell homeostasis already under normal conditions. The induction of pneumococcal pneumonia but not the infection with Chlamydophila pneumoniae evoked a significant up-regulation of IL-15 on alveolar macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells, with the latter presenting de-novo expression of IL-15 on their basolateral surface and additional up-regulation of IL-15Ra . Transcriptome analysis and semiquantitative PCR indicated at least partial transcriptional regulation. Finally, the increase of IL-15 was accompanied by enhanced expression of CD69, TNFa, IFNg and Bcl-2 by IL-15-dependent lymphocyte populations suggesting functional impact of IL-15 on the pulmonary immune response in pneumococcal pneumonia. Microarray experiments were done as two-color hybridizations. RNA labeling was performed with a Fluorescent Linear Amplification Kit (Agilent Technologies). In order to compensate dye specific effects, and to ensure statistically relevant data, a color swap was performed.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Norbert Suttorp

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-3631 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Pneumonia is a serious problem worldwide. We recently demonstrated that innate defense mechanisms of the lung are highly inducible against pneumococcal pneumonia. To determine the breadth of protection conferred by stimulation of lung mucosal innate immunity, and to identify cells and signaling pathways activated by this treatment, mice were treated with an aerosolized bacterial lysate, then challenged with lethal doses of bacterial and fungal pathogens. Mice were highly protected against a broad array of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and Class A bioterror bacterial pathogens, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Protection was associated with rapid pathogen killing within the lungs, and this effect was recapitulated in vitro using a respiratory epithelial cell line. Gene expression analysis of lung tissue showed marked activation of NF-kappa-B, Type I and II interferon, and antifungal Card9-Bcl10-Malt1 pathways. Cytokines were the most strongly induced genes, but the inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6 were not required for protection. Lung-expressed antimicrobial peptides were also highly upregulated. Taken together, stimulated innate resistance (StIR) appears to occur through the activation of multiple host defense signaling pathways in lung epithelial cells, inducing rapid pathogen killing, and conferring broad protection against virulent bacterial and fungal pathogens. Augmentation of innate antimicrobial defenses of the lungs might have therapeutic value for protection of patients with neutropenia or impaired adaptive immunity against opportunistic pneumonia, and for defense of immunocompetent subjects against a bioterror threat or epidemic respiratory infection. Keywords: Differential expression, innate immunity, pneumonia, immunocompromised host; lung epithelium, in vitro, MLE-15 cells were treated with sham (PBS), NTHi lysate (100 ug/ml) or EF2505-III (40 ug/ml). 4 unique samples per group. Treated for 2 hours. Hybridized to Illumina Sentrix Mouse-6 v1.1 Beadhips.

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Cell-specific Interleukin-15 and Interleukin-15 receptor subunit expression and regulation in pneumococcal pneumonia

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