Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Early response of gene expression in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during the development of soybean meal induced enteritis

ABSTRACT: In the present study a 44k oligonucleotide salmonid microarray, qPCR and histology were used to investigate transcriptomic responses in the distal intestine during the first week of oral exposure to soybean meal in order to gain insight into early molecular response mechanisms. Intestinal tissue samples were taken on day one, two, three, five and seven after introduction of a soybean-containing diet and compared to a control group fed fishmeal. Day 1, day 2, day 3, day 5 and day 7 (n=10 per condition) post-soybean meal feeding Atlantic salmon hybridized to common reference and compared against control (day 0 of SBM feeding). Tissue = distal intestine.

ORGANISM(S): Salmo salar

SUBMITTER: Ben Koop

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-37457 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Publications

Early response of gene expression in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during the development of soybean meal induced enteritis.

Sahlmann Christian C Sutherland Ben J G BJ Kortner Trond M TM Koop Ben F BF Krogdahl Ashild A Bakke Anne Marie AM

Fish & shellfish immunology 20121211 2

Plant products in general and soybeans in particular can challenge the function and health of the intestinal tract. Salmonids develop an intestinal inflammation when fed diets containing soybean meal (SBM) and certain other legume ingredients. In the present study a 44K oligonucleotide salmonid microarray, qPCR and histology were used to investigate early response mechanisms in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during the first week of oral exposure to a diet containing 20 ...[more]

PMID: 23246810

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Project description:The aim of this experiment was to explore transcriptomic changes in the distal gut of Altantic salmon fed five experimental and two control diets. The experimental diets were isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isocaloric. They had similar content of fish meal (~22%) and similar total plant protein content (~45%), but differed in the contents of soya protein concentrate (SPC) and bean protein concentrate (BPC). These two ingredients were used to replace each other (either partially or fully) at the levels of incorporation ranging from 0 to 45%, with ~11% increments. As a result, the experimental diets contained either 45% SPC and 0% BPC (S45), 34% SPC and 11% BPC (S34B11), 22% SPC and 22% BPC (S22B22), 11% SPC and 34% BPC (S11B34) or 0% SPC and 45% BPC (B45). The S45 and B45 diets were single plant protein diets, while the others (S34B11, S22B22 and S11B34) were mixed plant protein diets. The control diets were enriched with fish meal (FM diet) or soybean meal (SBM diet) to provide negative and positive controls for gut inflammation (enteritis), respectively. The study was conducted at EWOS Innovation Research Facility in Dirdal (Norway) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) of the SalmoBreed strain were supplied as fertilized eggs and hatched on site. Mixed-sex juvenile salmon in groups of ~150 fish were transferred to 26 indoor tanks (0.6 x 0.6 x 0.6 m), with ~60 L of freshwater flowing at a rate of 3.9 L/min and continuous aeration. The temperature of water was regulated at 13°C and all animals were exposed to a constant light regime (24 h light/day). Fish were fed a commercial EWOS Start 1 diet and acclimated to the experimental conditions for 2 weeks, after which (at body mass ~1.5 g) they were subjected to a 56-day feeding trial. Tanks were randomly assigned to the dietary treatments, with 4 replicate tanks per each experimental diet (S45, S34B11, S22B22, S11B34 and B45) and 3 replicate tanks per each control diet (FM and SBM diets). Fish were fed to satiation prior to the feeding trial and during the dietary manipulation using automatic band feeders (Holland Technology, Norway). During the feeding trial, all fish in each tank had their biomass recorded on days 0 (start of experiment), 14, 28, 42 and 56 (end of experiment) for evaluation of growth performance.

Project description:Background: The decreasing availability of fishmeal as a protein source in aquaculture diets will require aquaculture to develop an econmoical and sustainable protien replacement. Plant proteins are readily available and are being tested as a promising alternative to replace a substantial portion of fishmeal which currently provides most of the protein content in aquaculture diets. The types of plant protein feasible for incorporation into aquaculture diets will likely contain various anti-nutritional compounds, carbohydrates, fiber, and a different amino acid profile than what is found in fishmeal. Substantial genetic variation was previously observed for growth on plant based dits in rainbow trout Hence, it will be beneficial to identify metabolic and physiologic pathways related to enhanced plant protein utilization which will aid in identifying genes that contribute to this genetic variation. Results: Microarray analysis of liver samples from two families of rainbow trout that differed in their growth responses when compared between individuals grown on a fish meal or plant protein based diet. Differential expression relating to dietary utilization between the two families found significant changes in expression of 33 ESTs. Eight of the differntially expressed ESTs had identified mammalian homologs that had been previously researched with identified cellular interactions and functions. Conclusions: Utilizing pathway analysis software to analyze sequences annotated with known mammalian genes were were ablet o map gene pathway and process interactions. From this information we were able to infer that the metabolic changes associated with utilization of plant protein versus fishmeal were associated with differential reaulation of genes related to cell oxidative stress, proliferation, growth, and survival. Furthermore, we inferred from the changes we observed in immune response genes expression that ingestion of this plant based diet upregulated the expression of genes involved in immunoregulatroy processes. Genotyped samples linked to families that had 4 or more members sampled on each diet were identified and ranked according to average family weight on each diet. Size rankings corresponded to large (>750 g), medium (600-640 g), and small (<500 g). From these identified groups 2 families were chosen for microarray expression analysis that demonstrated individuals with growth differences between the two diets. Data for the two families used for analysis and slide arrangements are listed in table 3. The families compared for growth differences between diets used for this study only differed by one growth range, large fish on fish meal compared to medium fish on plant-based diet and medium sized fish on fishmeal diet compared to small fish on plant-based diet. This strategy to use size separation within family was an attempt to identify gene changes more specific to diet utilization than specific for growth differences.

Dataset Information

Early response of gene expression in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during the development of soybean meal induced enteritis

Publications

Early response of gene expression in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during the development of soybean meal induced enteritis.

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