Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Host cell subversion by Toxoplasma GRA16, a HAUSP- and PP2A-interacting protein exported to the host cell nucleus

ABSTRACT: Toxoplasma gondii multiplies inside a parasitophorous vacuole in the host cell. Several parasite proteins have been described that hijack host signaling pathways, which mostly originate from the rhoptry organelles. We report here the identification and characterization of GRA16, the first dense granule protein shown to be exported through the parasitophorous vacuole membrane and to reach the host cell nucleus. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that GRA16 positively modulates the expression of host genes involved in cell-cycle progression and the p53 tumor suppressor pathway. We show that GRA16 directly binds two host enzymes, the deubiquitinase HAUSP and the phosphatase PP2A, and that GRA16 alters p53 protein levels in a HAUSP-dependent manner and induces the nuclear translocation of the PP2A holoenzyme. Therefore GRA16 is a novel regulator of the HAUSP/p53 pathway and together with GRA15, emerge as a subfamily of new dense granule proteins exported beyond the tachyzoites-hosting vacuole to subvert the host transcriptome. Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) or Human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) were infected with the following Toxoplasma gondii strains: - RHku80 WT versus RHku80(deltaGRA16) mutant (in BMDM) - Pruku80 WT versus Pruku80(deltaGRA16) mutant (in BMDM) - RHku80 WT versus RHku80(deltaGRA16) mutant (in HFF)

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Mohamed-ali HAKIMI

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-38779 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Investigation of whole genome gene expression level changes in BMDM adhered for 4 or 18hrs to Lab Tek Chamber slides pre-coated with 4ug/ml of human serum albumin (HSA) (control protein) or purified human C1q and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS: 20ng/ml) Mycobacterium avium 101 (M avium) or apoptotic Jurkat T cells. BMDM were obtained from C57Bl/6 and generated as previously described in Bohlson, SS, Strasser, JA, Bower JJ, Schorey J S 2001 Role of complement in Mycobacterium avium pathogenesis: in vivo and in vitro analyses of the host response to infection in the absence of complement component C3 Infec Immun 69: 7729-7735. Mybacterium avium 101 was obtained from Dr Jeff Schorey (University of Notre Dame). The human Jurkat T cell line was obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA) and induced to undergo apoptosis with dexamethasone as described in Lillis, AP, Greenlee, M C, Mikhailenko I, Pizzo, S V, Tenner, A J, Strickland, D K, Bohlson, S S 2008 Murine Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP) Is Required for Phagocytosis of Targets Bearing LRP Ligands but Is Not Required for C1q-triggered Enhancement of Phagocytosis J Immunol 181: 364: 373. A six chip study using total RNA from 5 separate cultures of BMDM adhered to HSA for 4 hrs, 5 separate cultures of BMDM adhered to C1q for 4 hrs, 5 separate cultures of BMDM adhered to HSA for 4 hrs and infected with M avium at a 1:500 ratio of BMDM to M avium, 5 separate cultures of BMDM adhered to C1q for 4hrs and infected with M avium at a 1:500 ratio ofBMDM to M avium, 5 separate cultures of BMDM adhered to HSA for 4 hrs and infected with M avium at a 1:1000 ratio of BMDM to M avium, 5 separate cultures of BMDM adhered to HSA for 4 hrs and treated with 20ng/ml LPS, 5 separate cultures of BMDM adhered to C1q for 4 hrs and treated with 20ng/ml LPS, 5 separate cultures of BMDM adhered to HSA for 4 hrs and treated with 20ng/ml LPS and co-cultured with apoptotic Jurkat cells at a 1:3 ratio of BMDM to apoptotic cells, 5 separate cultures of BMDM adhered to C1q for 4 hrs and treated with 20ng/ml LPS and co-cultured with apoptotic Jurkat cells at a 1:3 ratio of BMDM to apoptotic cells, 5 separate cultures of BMDM adhered to HSA for 18 hrs, 5 separate cultures of BMDM adhered to C1q for 18 hrs, 5 separate cultures of BMDM adhered to HSA for 18 hrs and infected with M avium at a 1:500 ratio of BMDM to M avium, 5 separate cultures of BMDM adhered to C1q for 18hrs and infected with M avium at a 1:500 ratio of BMDM to M avium, 5 separate cultures of BMDM adhered to HSA for 18 hrs and infected with M avium at a 1:1000 ratio of BMDM to M avium. The chip utilized for these studies is a mouse whole-genome 12-plex expression microarray design by NimbleGen designed from the MM9 genome Candidate probe sequences were verified to have no cross-hybridization to human (HG19) or Mycobacterium avium (NC_008595) targets Note: Study sample BMDM_HSA & M avium (1:500)_18hr_rep2 was not included in this submission due to quality control concerns.

Project description:The interplay between pathogens and hosts has been studied for decades using targeted approaches such as the analysis of mutants and host immunological responses. Although much has been learned from such studies, they focus on individual pathways and fail to reveal the global effects of infection on the host. To alleviate this issue, high-throughput methods such as transcriptomics and proteomics have been used to study host-pathogen interactions. Recently, metabolomics was established as a new method to study changes in the biochemical composition of host tissues. We report a metabolomics study of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. We used Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry with Direct Infusion to reveal that dozens of host metabolic pathways are affected by Salmonella in a murine infection model. In particular, multiple host hormone pathways are disrupted. Our results identify unappreciated effects of infection on host metabolism and shed light on mechanisms used by Salmonella to cause disease, and by the host to counter infection. Female C57BL/6 mice were infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 cells by oral gavage. Feces and livers were collected and metabolites extracted using acetonitrile. For experiments with feces, samples were collected from 4 mice before and after infection. For liver experiments, 11 uninfected and 11 infected mice were used. Samples were combined into 3 groups of 3-4 mice each, resulting in the analysis of 3 group samples of uninfected and 3 of infected mice. Extracts were infused into a 12-T Apex-Qe hybrid quadrupole-FT-ICR mass spectrometer equipped with an Apollo II electrospray ionization source, a quadrupole mass filter and a hexapole collision cell. Raw mass spectrometry data were processed as described elsewhere (Han et al. 2008. Metabolomics. 4:128-140 [PMID 19081807]). To identify differences in metabolite composition between uninfected and infected samples, we filtered the list of masses for metabolites which were present on one set of samples but not the other. Additionally, we calculated the ratios between averaged intensities of metabolites from uninfected and infected mice. To assign possible metabolite identities, monoisotopic neutral masses of interest were queried against MassTrix (http://masstrix.org). Masses were searched against the Mus musculus database within a mass error of 3 ppm. Data were analyzed by unpaired t tests with 95% confidence intervals.

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Host cell subversion by Toxoplasma GRA16, a HAUSP- and PP2A-interacting protein exported to the host cell nucleus

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