Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Hsp70 and a Novel Axis of Type 1 Interferon-Dependent Antiviral Immunity in the Measles Virus-Infected Brain

ABSTRACT: The major inducible 70 kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) is host protective in a mouse model of measles virus (MeV) brain infection. Transgenic constitutive expression of hsp70 in neurons, the primary target of MeV infection, abrogates neurovirulence in neonatal H-2d congenic C57BL/6 mice. A significant level of protection is retained after depletion of T lymphocytes, implicating innate immune mechanisms. Focus of the present work was to elucidate the basis for hsp70-dependent innate immunity using this model. Transcriptome analysis of brains from transgenic (TG) and non-transgenic (NT) mice 5 days after infection identified type 1 interferon (IFN) signaling and macrophage activation/antigen presentation as the main differences linked to survival. The pivotal role for type 1 IFN in hsp70-mediated protection was demonstrated in mice with a genetically disrupted type 1 IFN receptor (IFNAR-/-), where IFNAR-/- eliminated the difference in survival between TG and NT mice. Brain macrophages, not neurons, are the predominant source of type 1 IFN in the virus-infected brain, and in vitro studies provided a mechanistic basis by which MeV-infected neurons can induce IFN-β in uninfected microglia in an hsp70-dependent manner. MeV infection induced extracellular release of hsp70 from mouse neuronal cells that constitutively express hsp70, and extracellular hsp70 induced IFN-β transcription in mouse microglial cells through Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Collectively, results support a novel axis of type 1 IFN-dependent antiviral immunity in the virus-infected brain that is driven by hsp70. Hsp70 expression in mice enhances gene expression related to antiviral immune response against MeV neurovirulence. We performed microarrays on whole brain tissues in mice to obtain an unbiased picture of how hsp70 alters host innate responses to viral infection. Hsp70-overexpressing transgenic (TG) and non-transgenic (NT) mice were infected with MeV intracranially, and total brain mRNA harvested at 5 and 10 days post infection (d.p.i.) was analyzed, sampling the hemisphere opposite the side of viral inoculation. Analysis includes 6 groups: infected TG at 5 d.p.i. (n=4), infected TG at 10 d.p.i. (n=5), infected NT at 5 d.p.i. (n=4), infected NT at 10 d.p.i. (n=5), uninfected TG at 5 d.p.i. (n=4), and uninfected NT at 5 d.p.i. (n=4).

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: lianbo yu

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-42264 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Purpose: The goals of this study are to compare the difference between WT and hCD147 mice, hACE2 and hCD147 mice lung tissues Transcriptomes after infection with SARS-CoV-2 Methods: After receiving anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium, each mouse of the WT group, hCD147 group, and hACE2 group was infected with SARS-CoV-2 by nasal drip at a dose of 3 x 10^5 TCID50. The lung tissues were take for RNA-seq at 2 dpi. each mouse of the hCD147 group, and hACE2 group was infected with SARS-CoV-2 by nasal drip at a dose of 3 x 10^5 TCID50. The lung tissues were take for RNA-seq at 2 dpi. Results: RNA-seq of lung homogenates from C57BL/6 and hCD147 mice at 2 d.p.i. showed 354 upregulated and 175 downregulated genes). hCD147 mice mediated strong inflammatory responses, including Th17 cell responses, the NF-kappaB pathway and MAPK pathway, etc. The levels of cytokines and chemokines were increased in the lung of hCD147 mice, such as IL6, IL10, ILbeta, CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL2, etc. Analysis of RNA-Seq data of hACE2 mice versus hCD147 mice showed that hACE2 mice had stronger antiviral responses, including type I IFN and IFNalpha/IFNbeta responses, while hCD147 mice showed activation of multiple proinflammatory pathways, which is consistent with clinical features of COVID-19 patients. The significantly upregulated genes during SARS-CoV-2 infection of hACE2 mice enriched in cellular response to IFN-?. The upregulated genes in SARS-CoV-2-infected hCD147 mice were enriched secretory proteins, including ILbeta, IL6 and CXCL1. Conclusions: CD147 mediates potent inflammatory responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection. RNA-seq of lung homogenates from hACE2 and hCD147 mice at 2 d.p.i. showed 354 upregulated and 175 downregulated genes). hCD147 mice mediated strong inflammatory responses, including Th17 cell responses, the NF-kappaB pathway and MAPK pathway, etc. The levels of cytokines and chemokines were increased in the lung of hCD147 mice, such as IL6, IL10, ILbeta, CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL2, etc.

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Hsp70 and a Novel Axis of Type 1 Interferon-Dependent Antiviral Immunity in the Measles Virus-Infected Brain

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