TGF-b Signaling Is Associated with Endocytosis at the Pocket Region of the Primary Cilium
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
SUBMITTER: Mads Bak
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-47656 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:Single-base resolution DNA methylomes have been accomplished for both Arabidopsis and human cells which have high genome methylation levels by Illumina ultra-high-throughput bisulfite sequencing technology (MethylC-Seq). Here by combining MethylC-Seq and biological replicate strategies we generated single-base resolution methylome for the silkworm which has low genome methylation levels like other insects. Our conservative estimation showed that methylcytosines (mCs) accout for about 0.11% of genomic cytosines, exclusively in CG context. The CG methylation is significantly enriched in gene bodies and positively correlated with gene expression levels, suggesting its positive role in gene transcription in silkworms. However, the well-documented functions of methylation on promoters and rDNAs in plants and mammals do not seem to have effects in insects. Methylated genes are enriched in functions involved in cellular metabolism and biosynthesis. Small RNA (smRNA) loci are also significantly enriched in gene bodies, and moreover, the smRNA loci and the predicted target sites of microRNA have high level of CG methylation, indicating functional involvement of smRNAs in the genic methylation This first methylome for silkworms provides a foundation for further studies on the epigenetic gene regulation of silkworms’ or even insects’ gene methylation. Each silk gland of 5th instar larvae of two individuals (called Biological Replicate 1 and 2, respectively) of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) strain Dazao was ground into powder in liquid nitrogen. Half of the powder from each silk gland was used to extract total DNAs using DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen) and another half was used to extract total RNAs using RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen). We sequenced bisulfite-treated total DNA extracted from the silk glands of the two individuals, using Illumina Ultra-High-Throughput Sequencing, generating the Single-Base Resolution Methylomes. To reveal functional consequences of gene body methylation, we generated expression profiles for the two individuals’ silk glands using Digital Gene Expression tag profiling (DGE) technology, which combines classic SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) and Illumina ultra-high-throughput sequencing technology.
2010-04-09 | E-GEOD-18315 | biostudies-arrayexpress
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2009-12-31 | E-GEOD-18634 | biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:We determined the genome-wide digital gene expression (DGE) profiles of primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells from 28 patients and fractionated blood cells from healthy blood donors taking advantage of “second generation” sequencing technology. The patients included in the study represent distinct subtypes of B-cell precursor (BCP) ALL and T-cell lineage ALL (T-ALL) and the controls are fractionated CD19+ and CD3+ cells. Gene expression analysis of 28 ALL patient samples with different immunophenotypic backgrounds including T-ALL (n=4) and patients with BCP ALL with diverse cytogenetic backgrounds: High Hyperploidy (HeH) (n=10), t(9;22) BCR-ABL1 (n=3), t(12;21) ETV6-RUNX1 (n=4), dic(9;20) (n=3), t(1;19)TCF3-PBX1, MLL/11q23 (n=1) and undefined/non-recurrent aberrations (n=1). Fractionated b-cells (CD19+) and t-cells (CD3+) isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors were used as controls. Sequencing libraries were prepared from 1 µg of total RNA using reagents from the NlaIII Digital Gene Expression Tag Profiling kit (Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA, USA). mRNA was captured on magnetic oligo(dT) beads and reverse transcribed into double-stranded cDNA. The cDNA was cleaved using the restriction enzyme NlaIII. An adapter sequence containing the recognition sequence for the restriction enzyme MmeI was ligated to the NlaIII cleavage sites. The adapter-ligated cDNA was digested with MmeI to release the cDNA from the magnetic bead, while leaving 17 base-pairs of sequence in the fragment. The fragments were dephosphorylated and purified by phenol-chloroform. A second adapter was ligated at the MmeI cleavage sites. The adapter-ligated cDNA fragments were amplified by PCR, and the PCR products were purified on a 6% polyacrylamide gel. The ~96 base pair PCR products were excised from the gel and eluted overnight, followed by ethanol precipitation and re-suspension. Purified libraries were quality controlled and quantified on a Bioanalyzer using DNA 1000 series or High Sensitivity chips. The DGE libraries were diluted to a 10 nM concentration and sequenced on one lane of an Illumina GAII or GAIIx for 18 cycles.
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