Differential gene expression between Salmonella Typhimurium biofilms on glass vs cholesterol surfaces
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium
SUBMITTER: Geoffrey Gonzalez
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-48604 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:Salmonella spp. biofilms have been implicated in persistence in the environment and plant surfaces. In addition, Salmonella is able to form biofilms on the surface on cholesterol gallstones. The ability of Salmonella spp. on these surfaces is superior to biofilm formation on surfaces on glass or plastic. Thus, we hypothesized that Salmonella gene expression is specific during biofilm development on cholesterol surfaces.
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Project description:Differential gene expression between Salmonella Typhimurium biofilms on glass vs cholesterol surfaces
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Project description:The conductive pili of Geobacter sulfurreducens are essential for optimal extracellular electron transfer to Fe(III) and long-range electron transport through current-producing biofilms. The KN400 strain of G. sulfurreducens reduces poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide more rapidly than the more extensively studied DL-1 strain. Deletion of the gene for PilA, the structural pilin protein, in strain KN400 inhibited Fe(III) oxide reduction. However, slow rates of Fe(III) reduction were detected after extended (> 30 days) incubation in the presence of Fe(III) oxide. After seven consecutive transfers the PilA-deficient strain adapted to reduce Fe(III) oxide as fast as the wild type. Microarray, proteomic, and gene deletion studies indicated that this adaptation was associated with greater production of the c-type cytochrome PgcA, which was released into the culture medium. It is proposed that the extracellular cytochrome acts as an electron shuttle, promoting electron transfer from the outer cell surface to Fe(III) oxides. The adapted PilA-deficient strain competed well with the wild-type strain when both were grown together on Fe(III) oxide. However, when 50% of the culture medium was replaced with fresh medium every three days, the wild-type strain out-competed the adapted strain. A possible explanation for this is that the necessity to produce additional PgcA, to replace the PgcA continually removed, put the adapted strain at a competitive disadvantage, similar to the apparent selection against electron-shuttling producing Fe(III) reducers in most soils and sediments. Despite increased extracellular cytochrome production, the adapted PilA-deficient strain produced low levels of current; consistent with the concept that long-range electron transport through G. sulfurreducens biofilms cannot be achieved without PilA-pili. An eight-chip study using total RNA recovered from four separate cultures of Geobacter sulfurreducens JS-1 (experimental condition) or Geobacter sulfurreducens KN400 (control condition) grown with acetate (10mM)-Fe(III) oxide (100 mmol l-1) exponential growth. Each chip measures the expression level of 3,328 genes from Geobacter sulfurreducens KN400 with nine 45-60-mer probe pairs (PM/MM) per gene, with three-fold technical redundancy.
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Project description:Slimming is globally prevalent especially in young women, and it may contribute to the metabolic health of their offspring. Whereas some Lamarckian ideas about environmental inheritance have been dismissed, increasing evidence suggest that certain acquired traits can be transmitted to the next generation. It is therefore of great interest to determine how and to what extent a maternal lifestyle change contributes to their offspring. Here we show that enriched environment (EE) induced maternal slimming improves general health and reprograms metabolic gene expression in mice offspring. EE in mothers induced decreased body weight, adiposity, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Relative to controls, their offspring exhibited improved general health such as reduced fat accumulation, enhanced metabolic parameters as well as glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Maternal slimming altered the expression of 1,732 genes in the liver of offspring, with coherent downregulation of genes involved in lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis. Epigenomic profiling in offspring revealed numerous changes in cytosine methylation depending on maternal slimming, including hypermethylation of several genes involved in lipid biosynthesis, correlated with the downregulation of these genes. Maternal slimming also altered overall transcriptome patterns in mature oocytes, which contributes largely to the metabolic health and gene expression patterns in offspring. Overall, our studies suggest that maternal slimming have a beneficial role in regulating metabolic profiles in offspring, implying that it might be considered as a potential strategy to reverse the global prevalence of obesity and related metabolic syndromes. Female F0 founders were raised on a standard diet in a normal cage until 12 weeks of age, at which point they were placed into the enriched environmental cage or stayed in the normal cage (chosen at random) for 4 weeks. Males were always raised on a standard diet in the standard cage. At 16 weeks, female F0 founders were mated with males in standard conditions. After 1 or 2 days, males were removed, and pregnant females were left alone with a standard diet in the standard cage until their litters were 3 weeks of age. Note that we always used virgin males to avoid confounding effects brought about by the males. Moreover, males mated with two female groups did not differ in phenotypic data (body weight, adiposity, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels). At 3 weeks of age, partial offspring were sacrificed and the median lobe of liver was rapidly dissected out and flash-frozen in liquid N2, each from an independent mother. Samples from five control and four slimming offspring, each from different mothers, were chosen for microarray analysis.
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