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Targeted DNA demethylation using TALE-TET1 fusion proteins

ABSTRACT: Recent large-scale studies have defined genomewide, cell type-specific patterns of DNA methylation, a modification known to be important for regulating gene expression in both normal development and disease states. However, determining the functional significance of specific methylation events remains a challenging problem due to the current lack of targeted methodologies for removing these modifications. Here we describe an approach for efficient targeted demethylation of specific CpGs in human cells using fusions of engineered transcription activator-like effector (TALE) repeat arrays and the TET1 hydroxylase catalytic domain. Using these TALE-TET1 fusions, we demonstrate that modification of certain critical methylated promoter CpG positions can be associated with substantial increases in endogenous human gene expression. Our results delineate a general strategy for defining the functional significance of specific CpG methylation marks in the context of endogenous gene loci and validate new programmable DNA demethylation reagents with broad utility for research and potential therapeutic applications. Bisulfite sequencing of three different loci in three different cell lines (Klf4 in K562s, HBB in K562s and RHOXF2 in 293s and HeLas. Biological triplicates of all samples and controls (off-target and GFP controls).

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Morgan Maeder

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-50761 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Targeted DNA demethylation using TALE-TET1 fusion proteins

Project description:Recent large-scale studies have defined genomewide, cell type-specific patterns of DNA methylation, a modification known to be important for regulating gene expression in both normal development and disease states. However, determining the functional significance of specific methylation events remains a challenging problem due to the current lack of targeted methodologies for removing these modifications. Here we describe an approach for efficient targeted demethylation of specific CpGs in human cells using fusions of engineered transcription activator-like effector (TALE) repeat arrays and the TET1 hydroxylase catalytic domain. Using these TALE-TET1 fusions, we demonstrate that modification of certain critical methylated promoter CpG positions can be associated with substantial increases in endogenous human gene expression. Our results delineate a general strategy for defining the functional significance of specific CpG methylation marks in the context of endogenous gene loci and validate new programmable DNA demethylation reagents with broad utility for research and potential therapeutic applications.

2013-09-23 | GSE50761 | GEO

Trans Chromosomal Methylation in Arabidopsis hybrids

Project description:The heterotic hybrid offspring of Arabidopsis accessions C24 and Landsberg erecta have altered methylomes. Changes occur most frequently at loci where parental methylation levels are different. There are context-specific biases in the non-additive methylation patterns with mCG generally increased and mCHH decreased relative to the parents. These changes are a result of two main mechanisms, Trans Chromosomal Methylation (TCM) and Trans Chromosomal deMethylation (TCdM), where the methylation level of one parental allele alters to resemble that of the other parent. Regions of altered methylation are enriched around genic regions and are often correlated with changes in siRNA levels. We identified examples of genes with altered expression likely to be due to methylation changes and suggest that in crosses between the C24 and Ler accessions, epigenetic controls can be important in the generation of altered transcription levels which may contribute to the increased biomass of the hybrids. C24, Ler, and C24 x Ler

2012-02-05 | E-GEOD-35542 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome-wide Regulation of 5hmC, 5mC and Gene Expression by Tet1 Hydroxylase in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (bisulfite sequencing data)

Project description:DNA methylation of C5-cytosine (5mC) in the mammalian genome is a key epigenetic event that is critical for various cellular processes. However, how the genome-wide 5mC pattern is dynamically regulated remains a fundamental question in epigenetic biology. The TET family of 5mC hydroxylases, which convert 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), have provided a new potential mechanism for the dynamic regulation of DNA methylation. The extent to which individual Tet family members contribute to the genome-wide 5mC and 5hmC patterns and associated gene network remains largely unknown. Here we report genome-wide mapping of Tet1 and 5hmC in mESCs and reveal a mechanism of action by which Tet1 controls 5hmC and 5mC levels in mESCs. In combination with microarray and mRNA-seq expression profiling, we identify a comprehensive yet intricate gene network influenced by Tet1. We propose a model whereby Tet1 controls DNA methylation both by binding to CpG-rich regions to prevent unwanted DNA methyltransferase activity, and by converting the existing 5mC to 5hmC through its enzymatic activity. This Tet1-mediated antagonism of CpG methylation imparts differential maintenance of DNA methylation status at Tet1 target loci, thereby providing a new regulatory mechanism for establishing the epigenetic landscape of mESCs, which ultimately contributes to mESC differentiation and the onset of embryonic development. To determine the genome-wide DNA methylation changes caused by Tet1 depletion in mouse ES cells. Tet1 protein was depleted by specific siRNA treatment. The DNA methylation levels in control and Tet1 siRNA-transfected ES cells were determined by targeted bisulfite sequencing.

2011-04-21 | E-GEOD-28533 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Bisulfite-Seq profiling of undifferentiated ESCs, and in vitro derived primordial germ cells (iPGCs)

Project description:We report that in vitro derived PGCs undergo genome-wide DNA demethylation and that this demethylation does not require Tet1/Tet2 Examination of methylation in ESCs, iPGCs, and Tet2-/- iPGCs depleted of Tet1 by shRNA lentiviruses

2013-02-14 | E-GEOD-44092 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Tet1 and Tet2 mediate epigenetic regulation of developmental genes by protecting DNA methylation canyons against hypermethylation [Bisulfite-Seq]

Project description:This study uses whole methylome sequencing to characterize the methylomes of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF's). Two conditions were analyzed, MEF cells with intact TET1/TET2 enzymes (WT) and MEF cells with TET1/TET2 knocked out (DKO). Our results identify sets of differentially methylated genes which are correlated with TET1/TET2 induced expression changes of the corresponding genes. Whole methylome analysis of M. musculus MEF cells. Two conditions were sequenced and analyzed, the first is wild type (WT), the second (DKO) corresponds to knock-out of TET1 and TET2 enzymes.

2015-12-07 | E-GEOD-58610 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptome profiling of wild type and Tet1-null primordial germ cells (PGC) by Bisulfite-seq

Project description:Purpose: To investigate the effect of Tet1 depletion on global DNA methylation, we performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). Methods: Starting with as little as 1400-5251 manually micro-dissected PGCs, we used an ultra-low input method, Tn5mC-seq. Results: We generated 945 million reads for Tet1Gt/Gt PGCs and 302 million reads for wild-type PGCs. We obtained 14-16 million CpG sites per genotype at 1.76-2.66x genome coverage, which enables a comprehensive view of genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in E13.5 PGCs. PGCs are almost completely unmethylated genome-wide. Loss of Tet1 led to a subtle increase of methylation level in various genomic elements including promoters, exons, introns and repetitive elements in Tet1Gt/Gt PGCs (p<0.01). Local analysis identified 4,337 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between Tet1-/- PGCs and wild-type cells. These DMRs are associated with 5,261 genes, among which 271 genes also exhibited differential gene expression and enriched for the cell cycle pathway (FDR=0.02). Conclusions: This result revealed that demethylation of certain set of cell cycle genes is largely abolished in the Tet1-/- PGCs. Genome-wide methylation profiles of primordial germ cells derived from the wild type (WT) and Tet1-null female embryos at E13.5 were generated by whole genome bisulfite sequencing using Illumina Hiseq.

2012-11-20 | E-GEOD-41912 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Dissection of TET1 catalytic and non-catalytic functions reveals DNA demethylation independent gene and ERV regulation

Project description:Surveillance of DNA methylation in mammals is critical for genome stability and epigenetic regulation. The discovery of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins catalyzing the oxidation from 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) revolutionized the understanding of DNA methylation dynamics. Interestingly, in recent years evidence accumulated that TET1 also harbours non-catalytic functions. However, the role and mechanism of TET1 DNA demethylation independent functions still remain poorly understood. Here, we use genome engineering and quantitative multi-omics approaches to dissect the non-catalytic role of TET1. Strikingly, we find that the majority of transcriptional regulation depends on non-catalytic functions of TET1. To gain insights into possible mechanisms by which TET1 regulates transcription independent of DNA demethylation, we asked if the loss of TET1 is accompanied by changes in the histone modificaiton landscape. To this end, we compared the relative abundances of core histone modifications between Tet1 KO, Tet1 CM and WT mESCs using quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis. Surprisingly, we observed a profound global reduction of pH4Kac and H4K20me3 as well as H3K27me3 in Tet1 KO mESC. Vice versa, the monomethylation states of the latter two residues, H3K27me1 and H4K20me1 were significantly increased in Tet1 KO. Similar to the results from the transcriptome data, most of these changes were specific to Tet1 KO cells.

2022-08-11 | PXD028566 | Pride

FBXL10 and the Protection of Polycomb-bound Genes from Hypermethylation (RRBS)

Project description:Nearly all CpG-dense promoters are occupied by the multi-domain chromosomal protein FBXL10. We show here that complete inactivation of the Fbxl10 gene leads to dense de novo methylation only of the promoters that are co-occupied by both FBXL10 and by Polycomb Repressive Complexes; this results in pervasive defects in embryonic development and death of homozygous Fbxl10 mutant embryos at midgestation. Deletion of key components of Polycomb Repressive Complexes 1 and 2 did not lead to ectopic de novo methylation. These results indicate that FBXL10 defends Polycomb-occupied promoters against ectopic de novo methylation. FBXL10 is the first reported factor whose loss leads to a gain in genomic DNA methylation. DNA methylation analysis using RRBS and expression analysis using RNA-seq was performed on WT and Fbxl10T/T ES cells.

2015-04-06 | E-GEOD-65580 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Epigenetic regulation and transcriptional repression by Tet1 in the early post-implantation mouse embryo: WG Bisulfite sequencing

Project description:The mammalian TET dioxygenases contribute to global waves of DNA demethylation in the zygote and in primordial germ cells, but their involvement during de novo DNA methylation at peri/post-implantation development is unknown. Here, we show novel physiological functions of Tet1 in the pre-primitive streak stage mouse embryo, where it is expressed not only in the primed-state epiblast, but also in the extra-embryonic ectoderm. In the epiblast, Tet1 contributes to DNA methylation patterning, which indirectly results in dominant transcriptional repression involving a Jumonji-family gene Jmjd8. In the extra-embryonic ectoderm, Tet1 suppresses expression of metabolic genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation. These lineage-specific gene repressive functions, involving distinct modes of regulation by DNA methylation, counteract precocious differentiation of the embryo prior to the onset of gastrulation. Such dysregulation in the absence of Tet1 are surprisingly tolerated in an inbred strain but results in full embryonic lethality in non-inbred mice, thus implicating a complex but essential role of Tet1 in normal gestational development. This dataset includes the WGBS/oxWGBS: Methylation and hydroxymethylation profiling of epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs) in presence or absence of TET1. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing and oxidative whole genome bisulfite sequencing were performed on two wt EpiLCs (male) and two TET1 knock-out EpiLCs (one male and one female).

2017-05-15 | E-MTAB-5568 | biostudies-arrayexpress

TET1 is a maintenance DNA demethylase that prevents methylation spreading in adult cells [MeDIP-Seq]

Project description:We report that full length TET1 (TET1-FL) overexpression fails to induce global DNA demethylation in HEK293T cells. The preferential binding of TET1-FL to hypomethylated CpG islands (CGIs) through its CXXC domain leads to its inhibited 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) production as methylation level increases. TET1-FL-induced 5hmC accumulates at CGI edges, while TET1 knockdown induces methylation spreading from methylated edges into hypomethylated CGIs. However, TET1 can regulate gene transcription independent of its dioxygenase catalytic function. Thus, our results identify TET1 as a maintenance DNA demethylase that does not purposely decrease methylation levels, but specifically maintains the DNA hypomethylation state of CGIs in adult cells. hMeDIP-seq analysis of genomic 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in HEK293T cells overexpressing mTET1-CD, TET1-CD, mTET1-FL, or TET1-FL

2014-06-04 | E-GEOD-44036 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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