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Specification of innate type-2 lymphocytes by the transcriptional determinant Gfi1

ABSTRACT: Innate type-2 lymphoid cells (ILC2s) function in immune responses against helminth parasites and are implicated in allergic inflammation and asthma. ILC2s are activated by the epithelial-derived cytokines IL-33 and IL-25 and are major sources of the type-2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. We show that the transcription factor Gfi1 promotes the generation of ILC2s and controls their responsiveness during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection as well as IL-33- or IL-25-instigated inflammation. Gfi1 directly activates Il1rl1, which encodes the IL-33 receptor. IL- 33 signaling upregulates Gfi1, thereby constituting a positive feedback loop that enables rapid and robust expansion of ILC2s in response to IL-33 signaling. Loss of Gfi1 in activated ILC2s results in an unusual effector state involving derepression of the IL-17 inflammatory program and co-expression of IL-13 with IL-17. ChIPseq reveals key Gfi1 targeted genes that are activated or repressed to maintain ILC2 identity. We propose that Gfi1 functions as a shared determinant within innate and adaptive immune cells to specify type-2 responses, while actively repressing the IL-17 effector state. ILC2s (~3 x 10^7 cells) were sorted from the MLN of IL-25-treated mice. Chromatin fragments bound by Gfi1 were subject to ChIP using Gfi1 antibodies and followed by high-throughput sequencing.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Aly Khan

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-50806 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Specification of innate type-2 lymphocytes by the transcriptional determinant Gfi1

Project description:Innate type-2 lymphoid cells (ILC2s) function in immune responses against helminth parasites and are implicated in allergic inflammation and asthma. ILC2s are activated by the epithelial-derived cytokines IL-33 and IL-25 and are major sources of the type-2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. We show that the transcription factor Gfi1 promotes the generation of ILC2s and controls their responsiveness during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection as well as IL-33- or IL-25-instigated inflammation. Gfi1 directly activates Il1rl1, which encodes the IL-33 receptor. IL- 33 signaling upregulates Gfi1, thereby constituting a positive feedback loop that enables rapid and robust expansion of ILC2s in response to IL-33 signaling. Loss of Gfi1 in activated ILC2s results in an unusual effector state involving derepression of the IL-17 inflammatory program and co-expression of IL-13 with IL-17. ChIPseq reveals key Gfi1 targeted genes that are activated or repressed to maintain ILC2 identity. We propose that Gfi1 functions as a shared determinant within innate and adaptive immune cells to specify type-2 responses, while actively repressing the IL-17 effector state.

2013-09-13 | GSE50806 | GEO

Mouse ILC2 cells from wild-type or Gfi1-KO animals

Project description:Innate type-2 lymphocytes (ILC2s) are a newly described cell type whose biology and contribution to disease are poorly understood. We are interested in investigating the role of the transcription factor Gfi1 in ILC2s, which appear to be a prominent source of IL-5 and IL-13 during type-2 immune responses. We have compelling evidence demonstrating a critical role for Gfi1 in the development and effector state of ILC2s. We would like to elucidate the molecular role of Gfi1 in ILC2s by identifying Gfi1-regulated genes by microarray analysis. Gfi1+/+ or Gfi1GFP/GFP (a GFP cassette has been 'knocked-in' to the Gfi1 locus and thus functions both as a surrogate for Gfi1 promoter activity and as a loss-of-function allele) mice were injected with IL-25 once daily for 4 days. On day 5, ILC2s (Lin-/Sca-1+/ICOS+/CD127+/c-Kit+) were sorted from the mesenteric lymph nodes of Gfi1+/+ (3 mice/sample were pooled together) or Gfi1-/- mice (6 mice/sample were pooled together) and cultured for 6 days in RPMI 1640, 10% FBS, Gln, P/S, 2ME, IL-2 (50ng/ml), IL-7 (10ng/ml), and IL-25 (50ng/ml). Whole RNA was harvested on day 6 via the RNeasy kit (Qiagen).

2013-10-20 | E-GEOD-45621 | biostudies-arrayexpress

An innate IL-25-ILC2-MDSC axis creates a cancer-permissive microenvironment for Apc-mutation-driven intestinal tumorigenesis

Project description:Interleukin-25 and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) defend the host against intestinal helminth infection, and are associated with inappropriate allergic reactions. Recently, it was reported that IL-33-activated ILC2s augment protective tissue-specific pancreatic cancer immunity. Here we show a diametrically opposite role for intestinal IL-25-activated ILC2s where they create an innate cancer-permissive microenvironment. Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with higher tumor IL25 expression have reduced survival, and increased IL-25 Rexpressing tumor-resident ILC2s and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) associated with impaired anti-tumor responses. Ablation of IL-25-signalling reduced tumors, virtually doubling life-expectancy in an Apc-mutation-driven model of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, IL-25 promotes tumor ILC2s, which sustain MDSCs to suppress anti-tumor immunity. Therapeutic blockade of IL-25-signalling decreased ILC2s, MDSCs and adenoma/adenocarcinoma, while increasing anti-tumor IFNg and adaptive T cell immunity. Thus, the roles of innate epithelium-derived cytokines IL-25 and IL-33, and ILC2s in cancer cannot be generalized, and instead offer differential pathways for therapeutic intervention.

2022-04-20 | GSE199113 | GEO

Differential activation of human ILC2s by IL-25 and IL-33

Project description:The epithelial cell derived cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 can both activate type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). It is not known whether the actions of these cytokines on ILC2s are similar or divergent. To investigate this we performed in vitro culture of human ILC2s with a variety of cytokine combinations including IL-2, IL-7, IL-25 and IL-33. Transcriptome profiling of these different condtions allowed us to assess the impact on gene expression of the different treatments. The results show that IL-25 and IL-33 promote divergent gene expression programs indicating that differential expression of these cytokines can cause diverse ILC2 effector function.

2017-08-01 | GSE72433 | GEO

Transcription factor Bcl11b controls identity and function of mature innate lymphoid cells type II

Project description:Type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) promote anti-helminth responses and contribute to allergies. Though Bcl11b has been previously considered a T-lineage identity transcription factor (TF) that restrains the innate-cell genetic programs, we report here that Bcl11b is highly expressed in mature ILC2s and acts upstream of the key ILC2 TFs Gfi1, Gata-3, and of IL-33 receptor IL1rl1 (T1ST2). Additionally, Bcl11b-/- ILC2s de-repressed Rorγt, Ahr and IL-23 receptor, normally expressed in type-3 ILCs (ILC3s). Consequently, Bcl11b-/- ILC2s lost ILC2 functions and gained ILC3 functions, expanding in response to the protease allergen papain, however producing IL-17 and IL-22, and not IL-5 and IL-13, causing lung neutrophilia rather than eosinophilia, and diminished mucus production. Our results broaden Bcl11b's role from a T-cell only TF, and establishes that Bcl11b sustains mature ILC2 genetic and functional programs and lineage fidelity through positive regulation of essential ILC2 TFs and negative regulation of pivotal ILC3 TFs. RNA-seq analysis on sorted ILC2s from the mLNs of Bcl11bF/F Cre-ERT2 and wildtype mice at steady state following tamoxifen mediated deletion of Bcl11b

2015-07-28 | E-GEOD-67437 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Mouse ILC2 cells from wild-type or Gfi1-KO animals

2013-10-20 | GSE45621 | GEO

Expression data from naive, effector and memory-like ILC2s isolated from mouse lungs and those from effector and memory-like ILC2s isolated from mediastinal lymph node

Project description:Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lung are stimulated by inhaled allergens. ILC2s do not directly recognize allergens but they are stimulated by cytokines including interleukin (IL)-33 released by damaged epithelium.Lung ILC2s, upon stimulation, produce T helper 2 cell-type cytokines inducing T cell independent allergic lung inflammation. We now report that lung ILC2s, upon activation by an allergen or IL-33, acquire the properties of memory cells. The activated ILC2s initially proliferate and secrete cytokines, followed by a contraction phase as they stop producing cytokines. Nevertheless, some persist long after the resolution of the inflammation and acquire intrinsic capacities to react to unrelated allergens more vigorously than naÃ¯ve ILC2s, thus mediating a severe allergic lung inflammation. Gene expression profiles of the previously activated ILC2s show a gene signature of memory T cells. These antigen non-specific memory ILC2s may explain why asthma patients are often sensitized to multiple allergens. ILC2s were isolated from mouse lungs from naive and IL-33 injected mice 4 days, 14 days and 4 months after the initial treatment. RNA was extracted from those ILC2 populations and analyzed for gene expression profiles. RNA was also extracted from ILC2s isolated from lung draining mediastinal lymph node (mLN) 4 days and 14 days after IL-33 treatment.

2016-06-30 | E-GEOD-81700 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcription factor Bcl11b controls identity and function of mature innate lymphoid cells type II

2015-07-28 | GSE67437 | GEO

Proteome of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) stimulated with IL33 and TL1A

Project description:We analyzed the total proteome of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) after different stimulation with interleukin-33 (IL-33), a cytokine playing a critical role in human asthma, and TL1A, a TNF-family cytokine also known to activate ILC2s. Upon combined stimulation with IL-33 plus TL1A, we show that lung ILC2s produce high amounts of IL-9 and acquire a transient ‘ILC9’ phenotype. This phenotype is characterized by simultaneous production of large amounts of type 2 cytokines (IL-5, IL-13 and IL-9), induction of the IL-2 receptor CD25 (Il2ra), and of the transcription factors IRF4, JunB and BATF, that form immune-specific complexes known to induce IL-9 expression.

2024-03-05 | PXD041987 | Pride

Gene expression data of naïve postnatal day 10 neonatal, naïve adult, and IL-33-activated adult ILC2s isolated from mouse lungs

Project description:Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in mouse lungs are activated by the epithelium-derived alarmin IL-33. Activated ILC2s proliferate and produce IL-5 and IL-13 that drive allergic responses. In neonatal lungs, IL-33 is spontaneously released resulting in activation of lung ILC2s. Here we report that neonatal lung ILC2 activation has significant effects on ILC2 functions in adulthood. Most neonatal lung ILC2s incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and persisted into adulthood. BrdU+ ILC2s in adult lungs responded more intensely to IL-33 treatment than BrdU- ILC2s. In IL-33 deficient (KO) mice, lung ILC2s develop normally but they are not activated in the neonatal period. Lung ILC2s in KO mice responded less intensely to IL-33 in adulthood compared to wild type (WT) ILC2s. While there was no difference in the number of lung ILC2s, there were fewer IL-13+ ILC2s in IL-33KO than IL-33WT mice. The impaired responsiveness of ILC2s in KO mice was reversed by intranasal injections of IL-33 in the neonatal period. These results suggest that activation of lung ILC2s by endogenous IL-33 in the neonatal period may “train” ILC2s seeding the lung after birth to become long-lasting resident cells that respond more efficiently to challenges later in life.

2020-04-14 | GSE148539 | GEO

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