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Transcription factor Bcl11b controls identity and function of mature innate lymphoid cells type II

ABSTRACT: Type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) promote anti-helminth responses and contribute to allergies. Though Bcl11b has been previously considered a T-lineage identity transcription factor (TF) that restrains the innate-cell genetic programs, we report here that Bcl11b is highly expressed in mature ILC2s and acts upstream of the key ILC2 TFs Gfi1, Gata-3, and of IL-33 receptor IL1rl1 (T1ST2). Additionally, Bcl11b-/- ILC2s de-repressed Rorγt, Ahr and IL-23 receptor, normally expressed in type-3 ILCs (ILC3s). Consequently, Bcl11b-/- ILC2s lost ILC2 functions and gained ILC3 functions, expanding in response to the protease allergen papain, however producing IL-17 and IL-22, and not IL-5 and IL-13, causing lung neutrophilia rather than eosinophilia, and diminished mucus production. Our results broaden Bcl11b's role from a T-cell only TF, and establishes that Bcl11b sustains mature ILC2 genetic and functional programs and lineage fidelity through positive regulation of essential ILC2 TFs and negative regulation of pivotal ILC3 TFs. RNA-seq analysis on sorted ILC2s from the mLNs of Bcl11bF/F Cre-ERT2 and wildtype mice at steady state following tamoxifen mediated deletion of Bcl11b

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: dorina avram

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-67437 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Transcription factor Bcl11b controls identity and function of mature innate lymphoid cells type II

Project description:Type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) promote anti-helminth responses and contribute to allergies. Though Bcl11b has been previously considered a T-lineage identity transcription factor (TF) that restrains the innate-cell genetic programs, we report here that Bcl11b is highly expressed in mature ILC2s and acts upstream of the key ILC2 TFs Gfi1, Gata-3, and of IL-33 receptor IL1rl1 (T1ST2). Additionally, Bcl11b-/- ILC2s de-repressed Rorγt, Ahr and IL-23 receptor, normally expressed in type-3 ILCs (ILC3s). Consequently, Bcl11b-/- ILC2s lost ILC2 functions and gained ILC3 functions, expanding in response to the protease allergen papain, however producing IL-17 and IL-22, and not IL-5 and IL-13, causing lung neutrophilia rather than eosinophilia, and diminished mucus production. Our results broaden Bcl11b's role from a T-cell only TF, and establishes that Bcl11b sustains mature ILC2 genetic and functional programs and lineage fidelity through positive regulation of essential ILC2 TFs and negative regulation of pivotal ILC3 TFs.

2015-07-28 | GSE67437 | GEO

Specification of innate type-2 lymphocytes by the transcriptional determinant Gfi1

Project description:Innate type-2 lymphoid cells (ILC2s) function in immune responses against helminth parasites and are implicated in allergic inflammation and asthma. ILC2s are activated by the epithelial-derived cytokines IL-33 and IL-25 and are major sources of the type-2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. We show that the transcription factor Gfi1 promotes the generation of ILC2s and controls their responsiveness during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection as well as IL-33- or IL-25-instigated inflammation. Gfi1 directly activates Il1rl1, which encodes the IL-33 receptor. IL- 33 signaling upregulates Gfi1, thereby constituting a positive feedback loop that enables rapid and robust expansion of ILC2s in response to IL-33 signaling. Loss of Gfi1 in activated ILC2s results in an unusual effector state involving derepression of the IL-17 inflammatory program and co-expression of IL-13 with IL-17. ChIPseq reveals key Gfi1 targeted genes that are activated or repressed to maintain ILC2 identity. We propose that Gfi1 functions as a shared determinant within innate and adaptive immune cells to specify type-2 responses, while actively repressing the IL-17 effector state. ILC2s (~3 x 10^7 cells) were sorted from the MLN of IL-25-treated mice. Chromatin fragments bound by Gfi1 were subject to ChIP using Gfi1 antibodies and followed by high-throughput sequencing.

2013-09-13 | E-GEOD-50806 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Differential c-Kit expression identifies two subsets of ILC2s with IL-17 producing capabilities that may contribute to IL-17 mediated pathologies

Project description:Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are linked to type 2 immune diseases but can also molecularly change phenotype and provide type 1 immunity towards pathogens. Here we identify an ILC2 subset which can convert into IL-17 producing NKp44‒ ILC3-like cells. c-Kit and CCR6 define this ILC2 subpopulation which exhibit ILC3 features, including RORγt, which enables the conversion into IL-17 producing cells in response to IL-1β and IL-23. We also report a novel but critical role for TGF-β in promoting the conversion of c-kit‒ ILC2s into RORγt expressing c-Kit+ ILC2s by inducing the upregulation of IL23R, CCR6 and KIT mRNA in these cells. This switch was dependent on RORγt and down-regulation of GATA-3. IL-4 was able to reverse this event supporting a role for this cytokine in maintaining ILC2 identity. Notably, this plasticity has physiological relevance as a subset of RORγt+ ILC2s express the skin homing receptor CCR10 and the frequencies of IL-17‒producing ILC3s are increased at the expense of ILC2s within the lesional skin of psoriatic patients compared to healthy individuals.

2019-06-29 | GSE129238 | GEO

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells continuously require the transcription factor GATA3 after commitment

Project description:GATA3 is indispensable for the development of all IL-7RÎ±-expressing innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and maintenance of type 1 ILCs (ILC1s) and type 2 ILCs (ILC2s). However, the importance of low GATA3 expression in type 3 ILCs (ILC3s) is still elusive. Here, we report that GATA3 regulates homeostasis of ILC3s by controlling IL-7RÎ± expression. In addition, GATA3 is critical for the development of NKp46+ ILC3 subset partially through regulating the balance between T-bet and RORÎ³t. Genome-wide analyses indicate that while GATA3 positively regulates CCR6+ and NKp46+ ILC3 subset-specific genes in respective lineages, it negatively regulates CCR6+ ILC3-specific genes in NKp46+ ILC3s. Furthermore, GATA3 regulates IL-22 production in both CCR6+ and NKp46+ ILC3s. Thus, low GATA3 expression is critical for the development and function of ILC3 subsets. To identify GATA3 regulated genes in total ILC3s with RNA-Seq; To identify unique genes expressed by CCR6+ ILC3 or NKp46+ ILC3 and GATA3 regulated genes within these two ILC3 subsets with RNA-Seq; To identify GATA3 direct binding sites in ILC3s, ILC2s and Th2 cells with ChIP-Seq.

2015-11-23 | E-GEOD-71198 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Chromatin accessibility landscapes of WT (GFP-) and BATF KO (GFP+) ILC3s sorted from lung mature ILC2s

Project description:Activated type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) accumulate and promote inflammatory resolution and tissue repair in host defense against acute respiratory viral infections. However, the heterogeneity of ILC2s in the lung and the mechanisms by which ILC2 cells contribute to tissue repair remain elusive. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), we identified a transcriptionally distinct ILC2 subset that showed enrichment for wound healing signature genes and the transcription factor BATF. Notably, BATF promoted the proliferation and function of ILC2s and restricted their plasticity during infection with influenza virus. In the absence of BATF, ILC2s lost their immune protective properties and obtained pathogenic ILC3-like function, which led to persist neutrophil infiltration, tissue damage and lethality. Mechanistically, BATF directly bound the cis-regulatory elements of wound healing genes, maintained their chromatin accessibility and promoted their expression. Lastly, BATF played an important role in an IL-33-ST2 feed-forward loop that supports ILC2 cell identity and function. Collectively, our findings shed light on a BATF-dependent ILC2 program, thereby providing a potential therapeutic target for terminating detrimental inflammation during acute viral infection.

2022-01-14 | GSE188275 | GEO

Expression data from naive, effector and memory-like ILC2s isolated from mouse lungs and those from effector and memory-like ILC2s isolated from mediastinal lymph node

Project description:Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lung are stimulated by inhaled allergens. ILC2s do not directly recognize allergens but they are stimulated by cytokines including interleukin (IL)-33 released by damaged epithelium.Lung ILC2s, upon stimulation, produce T helper 2 cell-type cytokines inducing T cell independent allergic lung inflammation. We now report that lung ILC2s, upon activation by an allergen or IL-33, acquire the properties of memory cells. The activated ILC2s initially proliferate and secrete cytokines, followed by a contraction phase as they stop producing cytokines. Nevertheless, some persist long after the resolution of the inflammation and acquire intrinsic capacities to react to unrelated allergens more vigorously than naÃ¯ve ILC2s, thus mediating a severe allergic lung inflammation. Gene expression profiles of the previously activated ILC2s show a gene signature of memory T cells. These antigen non-specific memory ILC2s may explain why asthma patients are often sensitized to multiple allergens. ILC2s were isolated from mouse lungs from naive and IL-33 injected mice 4 days, 14 days and 4 months after the initial treatment. RNA was extracted from those ILC2 populations and analyzed for gene expression profiles. RNA was also extracted from ILC2s isolated from lung draining mediastinal lymph node (mLN) 4 days and 14 days after IL-33 treatment.

2016-06-30 | E-GEOD-81700 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Differential activation of human ILC2s by IL-25 and IL-33

Project description:The epithelial cell derived cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 can both activate type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). It is not known whether the actions of these cytokines on ILC2s are similar or divergent. To investigate this we performed in vitro culture of human ILC2s with a variety of cytokine combinations including IL-2, IL-7, IL-25 and IL-33. Transcriptome profiling of these different condtions allowed us to assess the impact on gene expression of the different treatments. The results show that IL-25 and IL-33 promote divergent gene expression programs indicating that differential expression of these cytokines can cause diverse ILC2 effector function.

2017-08-01 | GSE72433 | GEO

Study of the role of c-Maf in type 2 innate lymphoid cells

Project description:Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are involved in type 2 inflammatory diseases such as allergy. In response to repeated allergen inhalations, lung epithelial cells secrete innate cytokines that activate ILC2s to release interleukin-5 (IL-5) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) resulting in eosinophil infiltration, mucus hyper-production, and airway hyperreactivity. Beside GATA3, very little is known about the role of specific transcription factors in the regulation of ILC2’s function. Here we identify c-Maf as a crucial regulator of ILC2 function and identity. c-Maf deficient ILC2s are impaired in IL-5 and IL-13 production and eosinophil recruitment. Transcriptomic analysis underlined a reduced expression of genes associated with Th2/ILC2 identity and memory development that we confirmed both in mice and human, either in ILC2s engineered to express less c-Maf or in naturally c-Maflow ILC2s from cord blood. Our results indicate that c-Maf is a core node that connects immature to primed/trained ILC2s.

2022-04-20 | GSE166739 | GEO

Characterization of lung innate lymphoid cells during influenza infection using scRNA-seq

Project description:Activated type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) accumulate and promote inflammatory resolution and tissue repair in host defense against acute respiratory viral infections. However, whether an ILC2 subset that specializes in wound healing exists, and the mechanisms by which ILC2 cells contribute to tissue repair remain elusive. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), we identified a transcriptionally distinct ILC2 subset that showed enrichment for wound healing signature genes and the transcription factor BATF. Notably, BATF promoted the proliferation and function of ILC2s and restricted their plasticity during infection with influenza virus. In the absence of BATF, ILC2s lost their immune protective properties and obtained pathogenic ILC3-like function, which led to persist neutrophil infiltration, tissue damage and lethality. Mechanistically, BATF directly bound the cis-regulatory elements of wound healing genes, maintained their chromatin accessibility and promoted their expression. Lastly, BATF played an important role in an IL-33-ST2 feed-forward loop that supports ILC2 cell identity and function. Collectively, our findings shed light on a BATF-dependent ILC2 program thereby providing a potential therapeutic target for terminating detrimental inflammation during acute viral infection.

2022-01-14 | GSE149857 | GEO

ChIP-seq analysis of BATF in ILC2s sorted from lungs at day 9 after influenza virus infection

Project description:Activated type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) accumulate and promote inflammatory resolution and tissue repair in host defense against acute respiratory viral infections. However, whether an ILC2 subset that specializes in wound healing exists, and the mechanisms by which ILC2 cells contribute to tissue repair remain elusive. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), we identified a transcriptionally distinct ILC2 subset that showed enrichment for wound healing signature genes and the transcription factor BATF. Notably, BATF promoted the proliferation and function of ILC2s and restricted their plasticity during infection with influenza virus. In the absence of BATF, ILC2s lost their immune protective properties and obtained pathogenic ILC3-like function, which led to persist neutrophil infiltration, tissue damage and lethality. Mechanistically, BATF directly bound the cis-regulatory elements of wound healing genes, maintained their chromatin accessibility and promoted their expression. Lastly, BATF played an important role in an IL-33-ST2 feed-forward loop that supports ILC2 cell identity and function. Collectively, our findings shed light on a BATF-dependent ILC2 program thereby providing a potential therapeutic target for terminating detrimental inflammation during acute viral infection.

2022-01-14 | GSE149849 | GEO

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