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Effect of Aid deletion on the global gene expression iPS cells

ABSTRACT: It has been shown that DNA demethylation has a pivotal role in the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Previous reports indicated that activation-induced cytidine deaminase (Aid) is involved in DNA demethylation in several developmental processes and cell fusion-mediated reprogramming. Based on the reports, we hypothesized that Aid may be involved in DNA demethylation during the iPS cell generation. In this study, we examined the function of Aid in iPS cell generation using Aid knockout (Aid-/-) mice expressing a GFP reporter under the control of a pluripotent stem cell marker, Nanog. By the introduction of Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc, Nanog-GFP positive iPS cells could be generated from the fibroblasts and primary B cells of Aid-/- mice. The Aid-/- iPS cells showed normal proliferation and gave rise to chimeras, indicating their capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency. Microarray analysis demonstrated that the global gene expression of Aid-/- iPS cells was similar to that of Aid+/+ iPS cells. Aid+/+ and Aid-/- iPS colonies were generated from Aid+/+ and Aid-/- MEFs and picked up mechanically. The clones were passaged four times on feeder cells and two times on gelatin-coated dishes to exclude the contamination of feeder cells. Subsequently, the RNA was isolated. Six Aid+/+ iPS cell clones and six Aid-/- iPS cell clones were compared by microarray. Samples from Aid+/+ and Aid-/-iPS cells

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Ren Shimamoto

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-51955 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Effect of Aid deletion on the global DNA methylation status of iPS cells

Project description:It has been shown that DNA demethylation has a pivotal role in the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Previous reports indicated that activation-induced cytidine deaminase (Aid) is involved in DNA demethylation in several developmental processes and cell fusion-mediated reprogramming. Based on the reports, we hypothesized that Aid may be involved in DNA demethylation during the iPS cell generation. In this study, we examined the function of Aid in iPS cell generation using Aid knockout (Aid-/-) mice expressing a GFP reporter under the control of a pluripotent stem cell marker, Nanog. By the introduction of Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc, Nanog-GFP positive iPS cells could be generated from the fibroblasts and primary B cells of Aid-/- mice. The Aid-/- iPS cells showed normal proliferation and gave rise to chimeras, indicating their capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency. The comprehensive DNA methylation analysis by MBD-sequening demonstrated that there were only a few differences between Aid+/+ and Aid-/- iPS cells. Aid+/+ and Aid-/- iPS colonies were generated from Aid+/+ and Aid-/- MEFs and picked up mechanically. The clones were passaged four times on feeder cells and two times on gelatin-coated dishes to exclude the contamination of feeder cells. Subsequently, the genome was isolated. Four Aid+/+ iPS cell clones and four Aid-/- iPS cell clones were compared. To confirm the validity of MBD-sequencing, four Aid+/+ iPS cell clones were compared with three ES cell clones or three Aid+/+ MEFs.

2014-04-10 | E-GEOD-52136 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Effect of Aid deletion on the global gene expression iPS cells

Project description:It has been shown that DNA demethylation has a pivotal role in the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Previous reports indicated that activation-induced cytidine deaminase (Aid) is involved in DNA demethylation in several developmental processes and cell fusion-mediated reprogramming. Based on the reports, we hypothesized that Aid may be involved in DNA demethylation during the iPS cell generation. In this study, we examined the function of Aid in iPS cell generation using Aid knockout (Aid-/-) mice expressing a GFP reporter under the control of a pluripotent stem cell marker, Nanog. By the introduction of Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc, Nanog-GFP positive iPS cells could be generated from the fibroblasts and primary B cells of Aid-/- mice. The Aid-/- iPS cells showed normal proliferation and gave rise to chimeras, indicating their capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency. Microarray analysis demonstrated that the global gene expression of Aid-/- iPS cells was similar to that of Aid+/+ iPS cells. Aid+/+ and Aid-/- iPS colonies were generated from Aid+/+ and Aid-/- MEFs and picked up mechanically. The clones were passaged four times on feeder cells and two times on gelatin-coated dishes to exclude the contamination of feeder cells. Subsequently, the RNA was isolated. Six Aid+/+ iPS cell clones and six Aid-/- iPS cell clones were compared by microarray.

2014-04-10 | GSE51955 | GEO

Effect of Aid deletion on the global DNA methylation status of iPS cells

2014-04-10 | GSE52136 | GEO

DNA microarrays of three shRNA control iPS clones (Ctrl 2,3,4) and shECAD iPS clones (shECAD 4,8,9)

Project description:E-cadherin upregulation is an early event of reprogramming of fibroblasts to induce pluripotent stem cells (iPS). Knocking down of E-cadherin by shRNA impairs iPS generation, though some colonies with great morphorlogical difference to shRNA control colonies remain. To illustrate the molecular and functional difference between shECAD iPS clones and shRNA control iPS clones, three respective iPS clones (shECAD 4,8,9 and Ctrl 2,3,4) were derived and DNA microarrays were run to analyze the transcriptional profile of these clones. OG2 MEFs were infected with Sox2, Klf4, Oct4 and c-Myc (SKOM) plus either Luciferase shRNA (shLUC) or E-cadherin shRNA (shECAD) retrovirus. At Day 6 post infection cells were split onto feeder cells. Several colonies from SKOM+shLuc and SKOM+shECAD were picked out at Day 14 post infection respectively and three cell lines were established, namely Ctrl 2,3,4 for SKOM+shLuc iPS and shECAD 4,8,9 for SKOM+shECAD iPS. All clones were maintained on feeder cells in mESC medium. RNA were extracted from these six cell lines and DNA microarrays were run to analyze the transcriptional profile.

2010-06-08 | E-GEOD-21062 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Generation of germ-line competent induced pluripotent stem cells

2007-06-07 | GSE7841 | GEO

Transcription profiling of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells

Project description:We have previously shown that pluripotent stem cells are induced from mouse fibroblasts by retroviral introduction of Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4, and subsequent selection for Fbx15 expression. These iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells are similar to embryonic stem (ES) cells in morphology, proliferation and teratoma formation. Fbx15-iPS cells, however, are different in gene expression and DNA methylation patterns and fail to produce adult chimeras. Here we show that selection for Nanog results in germ-line competent iPS cells, with more ES cell-like gene expression and DNA methylation patterns. The four transgenes were strongly silenced. We obtained adult chimeras from seven Nanog-iPS clones, with one clone transmitted through the germ-line to the next generation. Approximately 20% of the offspring developed tumors, where c-Myc transgene was reactivated. Thus iPS cells competent for germ-line chimeras can be obtained from fibroblasts, but retroviral introduction of c-Myc should be avoided for clinical application. Experiment Overall Design: Total RNA from Fbx15-null MEF (duplicate), Fbx15-null ES cells (duplicate), Fbx15-iPS cells (clone MEF4-7, duplicate), or Nanog-iPS cells (clones 20D -2, 16, 17, and 18) were labeled with Cy3. Samples were hybridized to a Mouse Oligo Microarray (Agilent) according to the manufacturerâs protocol. Arrays were scanned with a G2565BA Microarray Scanner System (Agilent). Data were analyzed using GeneSprings GX software (Agilent). We excluded genes whose value fluctuated more than 2-fold between duplicated analyses.

2008-06-15 | E-GEOD-7841 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Extracellular matrix-dependent generation of integration- and xeno-free iPS cells using a modified mRNA transfection method

Project description:In this study, we sought to examine whether an extracellular matrix (ECM)-based xeno-free culture system that we recently established could be used together with a microRNA-enhanced mRNA reprogramming method for the generation of clinically safe iPS cells. The notable features of this method are (1) the use of a xeno-free/feeder-free culture system for the generation and expansion of iPS cells rather than the conventional labor-intensive culture systems using human feeder cells or human feeder-conditioned medium and (2) the enhancement of mRNA-mediated reprogramming via the delivery of microRNAs. Strikingly, we observed the early appearance of iPS cell colonies (~11 days), substantial reprogramming efficiency (~0.2-0.3%), and a high percentage of ESC-like colonies among the total colonies (~87.5%), indicating enhanced kinetics and reprogramming efficiency. Therefore, the combined method established in this study provides a valuable platform for the generation and expansion of clinically safe (i.e., integration- and xeno-free) iPS cells, facilitating immune-matched cell therapy in the near future.

2016-04-21 | GSE68035 | GEO

DNA microarrays of three shRNA control iPS clones (Ctrl 2,3,4) and shECAD iPS clones (shECAD 4,8,9)

2010-06-01 | GSE21062 | GEO

The DNA methylomes of hyper-IgM syndrome type 2 B cells provide insights into the roles of activation-induced deaminase prior to the germinal center reaction

Project description:Inactivating mutations in activation induced deaminase (AID) lead to hyper-IgM syndrome type 2 (HIGM2), a rare primary antibody deficiency. AID-mediated cytosine deamination has been proposed as mediating active demethylation, although there is evidence both to support and cast doubt on such a role. We here made use of HIGM2 B cells to investigate direct AID involvement in active DNA demethylation. HIGM2 naïve and memory B cells both display widespread DNA methylation defects. For genes that undergo demethylation in the transition from naïve to memory B cells but not in HIGM2 individuals, we did not observe AID involvement but a participation of TET enzymes. DNA methylation alterations in HIGM2 naïve B cells are related to premature overstimulation of the B-cell receptor prior to the germinal center reaction. Our data supports a role for AID in B cell central tolerance in preventing the expansion of autoreactive cell clones, affecting the correct establishment of DNA methylation patterns without involvement of its cytosine deaminase activity.

2020-12-31 | GSE134664 | GEO

Activation-induced deaminase is critical for the establishment of DNA methylation patterns prior to the germinal center reaction

Project description:Activation-induced deaminase (AID) initiates antibody diversification in germinal center B cells by deaminating cytosines, leading to somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination. Loss-of-function mutations in AID lead to hyper-IgM syndrome type 2 (HIGM2), a rare human primary antibody deficiency. AID-mediated deamination has been proposed as leading to active demethylation of 5-methycytosines in the DNA, although evidence both supports and casts doubt on such a role. In this study, using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of HIGM2 B cells, we investigated direct AID involvement in active DNA demethylation. HIGM2 naïve and memory B cells both display widespread DNA methylation alterations, of which approximately 25% are attributable to active DNA demethylation. For genes that undergo active demethylation that is impaired in HIGM2 individuals, our analysis discards AID involvement. We demonstrate that the widespread alterations in the DNA methylation and expression profiles of HIGM2 naïve B cells result from premature overstimulation of the B-cell receptor prior to the germinal center reaction. Our data support a role for AID in B cell central tolerance in preventing the expansion of autoreactive cell clones, affecting the correct establishment of DNA methylation patterns.

2021-04-13 | GSE172011 | GEO

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