Dynamic developmental signaling logic underlying lineage bifurcations during human endoderm induction and patterning from pluripotent stem cells
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
SUBMITTER: Kyle Loh
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-52658 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:Unraveling complex signaling programs animating developmental lineage-decisions is pivotal to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) into pure populations of desired lineages for regenerative medicine. Developmental signals are strikingly temporally dynamic: BMP and Wnt initially specify primitive streak (progenitor to endoderm) yet 24 hours later suppress endoderm and induce mesoderm. At lineage bifurcations we show mutually-exclusive embryonic lineages are segregated through cross-repressive signals: TGFM-NM-2 and BMP/MAPK duel to respectively specify pancreas versus liver from endoderm. Unilateral endodermal differentiation requires blockade of alternative fates at every stage, revealing a universal developmental strategy for efficient differentiation and anterior-posterior patterning of diverse hPSC lines into highly-pure endodermal populations. This culminated in hPSC-derived hepatic progenitors that, for the first time, engraft long-term in genetically-unconditioned mouse livers and secrete human albumin. Finally, thirty transcriptional and chromatin state maps capturing endoderm commitment revealed endodermal enhancers reside in an unanticipated diversity of "pre-enhancer" chromatin states before activation. Endoderm RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data sets
2013-11-22 | E-GEOD-52657 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Tumor suppressor p53 promotes differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), but an in-depth understanding of mechanism is lacking. Here, we define p53 functions in hESCs by genome wide profiling of p53 chromatin interactions and intersection with gene expression during early differentiation and in response to DNA damage. During differentiation, p53 targets and regulates a unique collection of genes, many of which encode transcription factors and developmental regulators with chromatin structure poised by OCT4 and NANOG and marked by repressive H3K27me3 in pluripotent hESCs. In contrast, genes associated with cell migration and motility are bound by p53 specifically after DNA damage. Surveillance functions of p53 in regulation of cell death and cell cycle genes are conserved during both DNA damage and differentiation. Our findings expand the registry of p53 -regulated genes in hESCs and define specific functions of p53 in opposing pluripotency, which are highly distinct from stress-induced p53 response in stem cells. Identification of p53 binding sites in hESC under three conditions: Pluripotent, DNA damaged, Differentiating
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Project description:Tumor suppressor p53 promotes differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), but an in-depth understanding of mechanism is lacking. Here, we define p53 functions in hESCs by genome wide profiling of p53 chromatin interactions and intersection with gene expression during early differentiation and in response to DNA damage. During differentiation, p53 targets and regulates a unique collection of genes, many of which encode transcription factors and developmental regulators with chromatin structure poised by OCT4 and NANOG and marked by repressive H3K27me3 in pluripotent hESCs. In contrast, genes associated with cell migration and motility are bound by p53 specifically after DNA damage. Surveillance functions of p53 in regulation of cell death and cell cycle genes are conserved during both DNA damage and differentiation. Our findings expand the registry of p53 -regulated genes in hESCs and define specific functions of p53 in opposing pluripotency, which are highly distinct from stress-induced p53 response in stem cells. Identification of p53 binding sites in hESC under three conditions : Pluripotent, DNA damaged, Differentiating
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Project description:Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from somatic cells provide a unique tool for the study of human disease in disease relevant cells, as well as a promising source for cell replacement therapies for degenerative diseases. However one of the crucial limitations before realizing the full promise of this “disease in a dish” approach has been the inability to do controlled experiments under genetically defined conditions. This is particularly relevant for disorders with long latency periods, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), where in vitro phenotypes of patient-derived iPSCs are predicted to be subtle and susceptible to significant epistatic effects of genetic background variations. By combining zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN)-mediated genome editing and iPSC technology we provide a generally applicable solution to this key problem by generating isogenic pairs of disease and control human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and hiPSCs lines that differ exclusively at a susceptibility variant for PD by modifying a single point mutation (A53T) in the ?-synuclein gene. The robust capability to genetically correct disease causing point mutations in patient-derived hiPSCs represents not only a significant progress for basic biomedical research but also a major advancement towards hiPSC-based cell replacement therapies using autologous cells. ZFN-mediated genome edited human iPS cells or ES cells were assayed for genomic variation
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2019-11-27 | PXD013067 | Pride