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Single base resolution analysis of 5-formyl and 5-carboxyl cytosine reveals the actual promoter DNA methylation dynamics in embryonic stem cells

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Francesco Neri

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-55660 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Single-Base Resolution Analysis of 5-Formyl and 5-Carboxyl Cytosine Reveals Promoter DNA Methylation Dynamics.

Neri Francesco F Incarnato Danny D Krepelova Anna A Rapelli Stefania S Anselmi Francesca F Parlato Caterina C Medana Claudio C Dal Bello Federica F Oliviero Salvatore S

Cell reports 20150205 5

Ten eleven translocation (Tet) proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). 5fC and 5caC can be further excised by thymine-DNA glycosylase (Tdg). Here, we present a genome-wide approach, named methylation-assisted bisulfite sequencing (MAB-seq), that enables single-base resolution mapping of 5fC and 5caC and measures their abundance. Application of this method to mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) shows the occur ...[more]

PMID: 25660018

Similar Datasets

Single base resolution analysis of 5-formyl and 5-carboxyl cytosine reveals the actual promoter DNA methylation dynamics in embryonic stem cells [MAB-Seq]

Project description:DNA methylation is catalysed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and is necessary for a correct embryonic development. On the other hand, the DNA demethylation is mediated by the Ten Eleven Translocation (Tet) proteins through oxidation of 5-methyl cytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxyl (5hmC), 5-formyl (5fC) and 5-carboxyl (5caC) cytosine, and by the Thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) that excises the 5fC and 5caC. In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), gene promoters are maintained in an hypomethylated state, but the dynamics of this phenomenon still remains unknown. Here we present a genome-wide approach, named methylation-assisted bisulfite sequencing (MAB-Seq) that enables single-base resolution mapping of 5fC and 5caC and measuring of their relative abundance. Application of this method to mouse ESCs exposed the presence of 5fcaC residues on the hypomethylated promoters of the expressed genes, revealing an active DNA demethylation mechanism since the loss of TDG leads to an increase of 5fC/5caC. We also show that TDG is actually bound on these regions and that co-localizes and interacts with Tet1. We moreover demonstrate, by reduced representation of bisulfite sequencing (RRBS), that active promoters are actually demethylated by a Tet-dependent mechanism and that Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a are responsible of this DNA methylation. Our work shows the whole-genome map of 5fC and 5caC at single base resolution in ESCs, it demonstrates in detail the DNA methylation dynamics occurring on expressed gene promoters and identifies the key players of this mechanism. Furthermore, we provide a new tool (MAB-Seq) that can be broadly used in all biological contexts for epigenetics study involving identification and quantification of 5fC and 5caC at single base resolution. Methylation-assisted bisulfite sequencing (MAB-Seq) of E14 embryonic stem cells (ESCs), Biotag ChIP-Seq of Tdg and Reduced representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) in E14 ESCs.

2015-02-10 | E-GEOD-55658 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Single-base resolution analysis of active DNA demethylation using methylase-assisted bisulfite sequencing

Project description:Active DNA demethylation in mammals involves TET-mediated iterative oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC)/5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and subsequent excision repair of highly oxidized cytosine bases 5-formylcytosine (5fC)/5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) by Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG). However, quantitative and high-resolution analysis of active DNA demethylation activity remains challenging. Here we describe M.SssI methylase-assisted bisulfite sequencing (MAB-seq), a method that directly maps 5fC/5caC at single-base resolution. Genome-wide MAB-seq allows systematic identification of 5fC/5caC in Tdg-depleted embryonic stem cells, thereby generating a base-resolution map of active DNA demethylome. A comparison of 5fC/5caC and 5hmC distribution maps indicates that catalytic processivity of TET enzymes correlates with local chromatin accessibility. MAB-seq also reveals strong strand asymmetry of active demethylation within palindromic CpGs. Integrating MAB-seq with other base-resolution mapping methods enables quantitative measurement of cytosine modification states at key transitioning steps of active demethylation pathway, and reveals a regulatory role of 5fC/5caC excision repair in active DNA demethylation cascade. Analysis of 5fC/5caC excision repair-dependent active DNA demethylome by MAB-seq in mouse embryonic stem cells.

2014-11-02 | E-GEOD-62631 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome-scale DNA methylation maps of mouse chromaffin cells with or without Sdhb knock-out.

Project description:We report the analysis of DNA methylation in mouse chromaffin cell lines using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). We compared DNA methylation profiles of cell lines with or without a knock-out of Sdhb gene, showing that Sdhb disruption results in a hypermethylator phenotype. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing of 4 mouse chromaffin cell samples (2 Sdhb wild-type and 2 Sdhb knock-out).

2013-05-06 | E-GEOD-44350 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Ras-induced epigenetic inactivation of RRAD promotes glucose uptake in a human ovarian cancer model (RRBS-Seq]

Project description:Ras-related associated with diabetes (RRAD) is a small Ras-related GTPase that is frequently inactivated by DNA methylation of the CpG island in its promoter region in cancer tissues. However, the role of the methylation-induced RRAD inactivation in tumorigenesis remains unclear. In this study, the Ras regulated-transcriptome and epigenome were profiled by comparing T29H (a RasV12-transformed human ovarian epithelial cell line) with T29 (an immortalized but non-transformed cell line) through Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS-seq) and Digital gene expression (DGE) . We found that RasV12-mediated oncogenic transformation was accompanied by RRAD promoter hypermethylation and a concomitant loss of RRAD expression. In addition, we found that the RRAD promoter was hypermethylated and its transcription was reduced in ovarian cancer versus normal ovarian tissues. Treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2M-bM-^@M-2-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) resulted in demethylation in RRAD promoter and restored RRAD expression in T29H cells. By employing knockdown and overexpression techniques in T29 and T29H, respectively, we found that RRAD inhibited glucose uptake and lactate production by repressing the expression of glucose transporters. Finally, RRAD overexpression in T29H cells inhibited tumor formation in nude mice, suggesting RRAD is a tumor suppressor gene. Our results indicate that RasV12-mediated oncogenic transformation induces RRAD epigenetic inactivation, which in turn promotes glucose uptake and may contribute to ovarian cancer tumorigenesis Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (MspI,~40-220bp size fraction) data for two cell lines (T29 and T29H) were generated by deep sequencing, in two replicates, using Illumina HiSeq 2000.

2014-08-21 | E-GEOD-55566 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome-scale methylome profiling of human pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (Illumina methylation beadchips) and mouse chromaffin cells (RRBS)

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series

2013-05-06 | E-GEOD-43298 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome-scale DNA methylation maps of pluripotent and differentiated cells

Project description:We report the generation and analysis of genome-scale DNA methylation profiles at nucleotide resolution in mammalian cells. Using high-throughput Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) and single-molecule-based sequencing, we generated DNA methylation maps covering the vast majority of CpG islands, and a representative sampling of conserved non-coding elements, transposons and other genomic features, for murine embryonic stem (ES) cells, ES-derived and primary neural cells, and eight other primary tissues. Several key findings emerge from the data. First, DNA methylation patterns are better correlated with histone methylation patterns than with the underlying genome sequence context. Second, methylation of CpGs are dynamic epigenetic marks that undergo extensive changes during cellular differentiation, particularly in regulatory regions outside of core promoters. Third, analysis of ES-derived and primary cells reveals that 'weak' CpG islands associated with a specific set of developmentally regulated genes undergo aberrant hypermethylation during extended proliferation in vitro, in a pattern reminiscent of that reported in some primary tumors. More generally, the results establish RRBS as a powerful technology for epigenetic profiling of cell populations relevant to developmental biology, cancer and regenerative medicine. Keywords: High-throughput Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS), Illumina, cell type comparison Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (MspI,~40-220bp size fraction) of 18 murine cell types. Raw sequence data files for this study are available for download from the SRA FTP site at ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/Studies/SRP000/SRP000179

2008-07-06 | E-GEOD-11034 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Ras-induced epigenetic inactivation of RRAD promotes glucose uptake in a human ovarian cancer model

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series

2014-08-21 | E-GEOD-55568 | biostudies-arrayexpress

High-dose folic acid supplementation alters the human sperm methylome and is influenced by the MTHFR C677T polymorphism

Project description:Dietary folate is a major source of methyl groups required for DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification that is actively maintained and remodelled during spermatogenesis. While high dose folic acid supplementation (up to ten times the daily recommended dose) has been shown to improve sperm parameters in infertile men, the effects of supplementation on the sperm epigenome are unknown. To assess the impact of six months of high dose folic acid supplementation on the sperm epigenome, we studied 30 men with idiopathic infertility. Blood folate concentrations increased significantly after supplementation with no significant improvements in sperm parameters. Methylation levels of the differentially methylated regions of several imprinted loci (H19, DLK1/GTL2, MEST, SNRPN, PLAGL1, KCNQ1OT1) were normal both before and after supplementation. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) revealed a significant global loss of methylation across different regions of the sperm genome. The most marked loss of DNA methylation was found in sperm from patients homozygous for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism, a common polymorphism in a key enzyme required for folate metabolism. RRBS analysis also showed that most of the differentially methylated tiles were located in DNA repeats, low CpG density and intergenic regions. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that methylation of promoter regions was altered in several genes involved in cancer and neurobehavioral disorders including CBFA2T3, PTPN6, COL18A1, ALDH2, UBE4B, ERBB2, GABRB3, CNTNAP4 and NIPA1. Our data reveal alterations of the human sperm epigenome associated with high dose folic acid supplementation, effects that were exacerbated by a common polymorphism in MTHFR. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing of 28 human sperm samples before and after 6 month of high dose folic acid supplementation.

2015-09-10 | E-GEOD-72606 | biostudies-arrayexpress

DNA methylation analysis by RRBS in germ cells of mice exposed to Vinclozolin

Project description:We provide quantitative maps of cytosine methylation at single base resolution by RRBS in E13.5 primordial germ cells and adult sperm purified from mice exposed to Vinclozolin. Pregnant F0 female mice were exposed to two doses (a low dose VD1=1 mg/kg bw/d and a high dose VD2=100mg/kg bw/d) of Vinclozolin in the drinking water during pregnancy. We isolated primordial germ cells at E13.5 and mature sperm from adult F1 males obtained from control and exposed mothers. For PGCs, we sequenced RRBS libraries prepared from one pool isolated from F1 embryos exposed to the low dose, one pool isolated from F1 embryos exposed to the high dose, and two control pools isolated from unexposed embryos. For sperm, we sequenced three RRBS libraries prepared from a pool of sperm isolated from F1 males exposed to the high dose, and five RRBS libraries prepared from control pools isolated from unexposed animals.

2015-06-22 | E-GEOD-65784 | biostudies-arrayexpress

DNA methylation analysis and expression profiling during murine embryogenesis and in embryos deficient for DNMT3A or DNMT3B

Project description:We quantified the targets and kinetics of DNA methylation acquisition in mouse embryos, and determined the contribution of the de novo methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B to this process. We provide single-base maps of cytosine methylation by RRBS from the blastocysts to post-implantation stages and in embryos lacking DNMT3A or DNMT3B activity, and performed RNA-Seq in embryos lacking DNMT3B activity. We sequenced RRBS libraries prepared from genomic DNA isolated from embryos at consecutive stages of development between E3.5 and E11.5,and adult differentiated cells (sperm, liver). We performed RRBS on blastocysts at E3.5/E4.5, dissected epiblasts at E5.5/E6.5/E7/5, whole embryos at E8.5/E10.5 and limbs at E11.5. RRBS experiments in Dnmt3a-/- and Dnmt3b-/- embryos were performed in biological duplicates on individual embryos. We sequenced RNA-Seq libraries prepared from total RNAs of three WT and Dnmt3b-/- littermate embryos collected at E8.5.

2014-11-14 | E-GEOD-60334 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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