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Temporal RNA-seq expression profiling of Sox17-medaited XEN conversion of ESCs

ABSTRACT: The transcription factor Sox17 is expressed in early primitive endoderm-fated cells of the mouse embryo and in embryo-derived extraembryonic endoderm (ExEn) stem (XEN) cells. We have shown that overexpression of Sox17 in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) drives cell fate to a committed XEN-like cell state (Sox17-XEN cells). When placed back into the embryo, Sox17-XEN cells contribute exclusively to the ExEn. Transient Sox17 expression is sufficient to drive this fate change during which time cells transit through distinct intermediate states prior to the generation of functional XEN-like cells. We identified dynamic regulatory networks driving Sox17-mediated XEN conversion by analyzing a dynamic regulatory map of gene expression bifurcation points throughout conversion, created using RNA-seq time series data. We found that Sox17 orchestrates this conversion process by acting in autoregulatory and feed-forward network motifs, regulating dynamic gene regulatory networks (GRNs) directing cell fate. We have shown that Sox17-mediated XEN conversion provides a powerful tool for understanding the regulation of cell fate changes and for the elucidation of GRNs regulating lineage decisions in the mouse embryo. Total RNA was extracted during a time course of Sox17 overexpression in mouse ESCs at 7 time points as well as from wild-type ESCs and wild-type XEN cells.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Angela McDonald

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-61102 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Temporal RNA-seq expression profiling of Sox17-medaited XEN conversion of ESCs

Project description:The transcription factor Sox17 is expressed in early primitive endoderm-fated cells of the mouse embryo and in embryo-derived extraembryonic endoderm (ExEn) stem (XEN) cells. We have shown that overexpression of Sox17 in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) drives cell fate to a committed XEN-like cell state (Sox17-XEN cells). When placed back into the embryo, Sox17-XEN cells contribute exclusively to the ExEn. Transient Sox17 expression is sufficient to drive this fate change during which time cells transit through distinct intermediate states prior to the generation of functional XEN-like cells. We identified dynamic regulatory networks driving Sox17-mediated XEN conversion by analyzing a dynamic regulatory map of gene expression bifurcation points throughout conversion, created using RNA-seq time series data. We found that Sox17 orchestrates this conversion process by acting in autoregulatory and feed-forward network motifs, regulating dynamic gene regulatory networks (GRNs) directing cell fate. We have shown that Sox17-mediated XEN conversion provides a powerful tool for understanding the regulation of cell fate changes and for the elucidation of GRNs regulating lineage decisions in the mouse embryo.

2014-09-05 | GSE61102 | GEO

Conversion of mES to cXEN cells

Project description:The inner cell mass of the mouse pre-implantation blastocyst is comprised of epiblast progenitor and primitive endoderm cells of which cognate embryonic (mESCs) or extra-embryonic (XEN) stem cell lines can be derived. Importantly, each stem cell type retains the defining properties and lineage restriction of their in vivo tissue of origin. Recently, we demonstrated that XEN-like cells arise within mESC cultures. This raises the possibility that mESCs can generate self-renewing XEN cells without the requirement for gene manipulation. We have developed a novel approach to convert mESCs to XEN cells (cXEN) using growth factors. We confirm that the down-regulation of the pluripotency transcription factor Nanog and the expression of primitive endoderm-associated genes Gata6, Gata4, Sox17 and Pdgfra are necessary for cXEN cell derivation. This approach highlights an important function for Fgf4 in cXEN cell derivation. Paracrine FGF-signalling compensates for the loss of endogenous Fgf4, which is necessary to exit mESC self-renewal, but not for XEN cell maintenance. Our cXEN protocol also reveals that distinct pluripotent stem cells respond uniquely to differentiation promoting signals. cXEN cells can be derived from mESCs cultured with Erk- and Gsk3-inhibitors (2i) and LIF, similarly to conventional mESCs. However, we find that epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) derived from the post-implantation embryo are refractory to cXEN cell establishment, consistent with the hypothesis that EpiSCs represent a pluripotent state distinct from mESCs. In all, these findings suggest that the potential of mESCs includes the capacity to give rise to both extra-embryonic and embryonic lineages. A total of eight samples were analyzed. Three mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) lines were used as a negative control, 2 embryo-derived extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) cell lines were used as a positive control, 3 converted XEN (cXEN) cells were used as the experiemental cell lines.

2012-06-04 | E-GEOD-38477 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gata6 potently initiates reprogramming of pluripotent and differentiated cells to extraembryonic endoderm stem cells [ChIP-Seq & RNA-Seq]

Project description:Transcription factor-mediated reprogramming is a powerful method to study cell fate changes. In this work, we demonstrate that the transcription factor Gata6 can initiate reprograming of multiple cell types to induced extraembryonic endoderm (iXEN) cells. Intriguingly, Gata6 is sufficient to drive iXEN cells from mouse pluripotent cells and differentiated neural cells. Furthermore, GATA6 induction in human ES (hES) cells also downregulates pluripotency gene expression and upregulates extraembryonic endoderm genes, revealing a conserved function in mediating this cell fate switch. Profiling transcriptional changes following Gata6 induction in mES cells reveals step-wise pluripotency factor disengagement, with initial repression of Nanog and Esrrb, then Sox2 and finally Oct4, alongside step-wise activation of extraembryonic endoderm genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and subsequent high-throughput sequencing analysis shows Gata6 enrichment near both pluripotency and endoderm genes, suggesting that Gata6 functions as both a direct repressor and activator. Together this demonstrates that Gata6 is a versatile and potent reprogramming factor that can act alone to drive a cell fate switch from diverse cell types. (1) Microarray analysis of Gata6 overexpressing cells from 12 to 144 hours of doxycycline treatment in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells compared to uninduced mES cells, embryo-derived XEN cells and Sox7 overexpressing mES cells after 144 hours of doxycycline treatment. (2) ChIP-seq analysis of Gata6 binding 36 hours following doxycycline treatment. (3) ChIP-seq analysis of Gata6 binding in embryo-derived XEN cells. (4) RNA-seq analysis of GATA6 overexpressing cells following 144 hours of induction in hES cells.

2015-06-30 | E-GEOD-69322 | biostudies-arrayexpress

BMP4 signalling directs primitive endoderm-derived XEN cells to an extraembryonic visceral endoderm identity

Project description:The visceral endoderm (VE) is an epithelial tissue in the early postimplantation mouse embryo that encapsulates the pluripotent epiblast distally and the extraembryonic ectoderm proximally. In addition to facilitating nutrient exchange before the establishment of a circulation, the VE is critical for patterning the epiblast. Since VE is derived from the primitive endoderm (PrE) of the blastocyst, and PrE-derived eXtraembryonic ENdoderm (XEN) cells can be propagated in vitro, XEN cells should provide an important tool for identifying factors that direct VE differentiation. In this study, we demonstrated that BMP4 signalling induces the formation of a polarized epithelium in XEN cells. This morphological transition was reversible, and was associated with the acquisition of a molecular signature comparable to extraembryonic (ex) VE. Resembling exVE which will form the endoderm of the visceral yolk sac, BMP4-treated XEN cells regulated hematopoiesis by stimulating the expansion of primitive erythroid progenitors. We also observed that LIF exerted an antagonistic effect on BMP4-induced XEN cell differentiation, thereby impacting the extrinsic conditions used for the isolation and maintenance of XEN cells in an undifferentiated state. Taken together, our data suggest that XEN cells can be differentiated towards an exVE identity upon BMP4 stimulation, and therefore represent a valuable tool for investigating PrE lineage differentiation. Total RNA isolated in triplicate from XEN stem cell cultures that were untreated (samples 1-3) or treated with BMP4 growth factor (samples 4-6). Total RNA isolated in triplicate from XEN stem cells that were treated with BMP4 and were flow sorted as Afp::GFP-positive (samples 7-9) or Afp::GFP-negative (samples 10-12).

2011-09-13 | E-GEOD-32094 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Mus musculus

Project description:Temporal RNA-seq expression profiling of Sox17-medaited XEN conversion of ESCs

| PRJNA260247 | ENA

Chemicals orchestrate reprogramming with hierarchical activation of master transcription factors primed by endogenous Sox17 activation

Project description:Mouse somatic cells can be chemically reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs) through an intermediate extraembryonic endoderm (XEN)-like state. However, it is elusive how the chemicals orchestrate the cell fate alteration. In this study, we analyze molecular dynamics in chemical reprogramming from fibroblasts to a XEN-like state. We find that Sox17 is initially activated by the chemical cocktails, and XEN cell fate specialization is subsequently mediated by Sox17 activated expression of other XEN master genes, such as Sall4 and Gata4. Furthermore, this stepwise process is differentially regulated. The core reprogramming chemicals CHIR99021, 616452 and Forskolin are all necessary for Sox17 activation, while differently required for Gata4 and Sall4 expression. The addition of chemical boosters in different phases further improves the generation efficiency of XEN-like cells. Taken together, our work demonstrates that chemical reprogramming is regulated in 3 distinct “prime–specify–transit” phases initiated with endogenous Sox17 activation, providing a new framework to understand cell fate determination.

2020-11-05 | GSE144097 | GEO

DNA Methylation Profiles Define Stem Cell Identity and Reveal a Tight Embryonic-Extraembryonic Lineage Boundary

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Extensive protein group SUMO modification of repressive chromatin factors distinguishes pluripotent from somatic cells (total proteome)

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Extensive protein group SUMO modification of repressive chromatin factors distinguishes pluripotent from somatic cells

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