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Epigenetic regulation of Atrophin1 by lysine-specific demethylase 1 is required for cortical progenitor maintenance

ABSTRACT: Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is involved in gene regulation and development; however, its precise function, molecular targets and underlying mechanisms during development are poorly understood. Here, we show that LSD1 is required for neuronal progenitor cell (NPC) maintenance during cortical development. A ChIP-seq analysis identified a LSD1 binding site (LBAL) downstream of Atrophin1 (ATN1). Surprisingly, tranylcypromine (LSD1 inhibitor) treatment increased H3K4 methylation at LBAL, leading to ATN1 repression and NPC differentiation. Knockdown of LSD1 and ATN1 phenocopied each other in inducing NPC premature differentiation and depletion which could be rescued by ATN1 overexpression, suggesting that LSD1 controls NPC differentiation via regulation of ATN1 methylation status and expression. The involvement of LSD1 in ATN1 expression and NPC maintenance were confirmed in knockout mice. These findings hint at the potential application for the clinical drug, tranylcypromine, in the prevention and/or treatment of ATN1-associated degenerative disease, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy. Examination of LSD1 binding sites in neuronal progenitor cells.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

SUBMITTER: Feng Zhang

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-62770 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Epigenetic regulation of Atrophin1 by lysine-specific demethylase 1 is required for cortical progenitor maintenance

Project description:Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is involved in gene regulation and development; however, its precise function, molecular targets and underlying mechanisms during development are poorly understood. Here, we show that LSD1 is required for neuronal progenitor cell (NPC) maintenance during cortical development. A ChIP-seq analysis identified a LSD1 binding site (LBAL) downstream of Atrophin1 (ATN1). Surprisingly, tranylcypromine (LSD1 inhibitor) treatment increased H3K4 methylation at LBAL, leading to ATN1 repression and NPC differentiation. Knockdown of LSD1 and ATN1 phenocopied each other in inducing NPC premature differentiation and depletion which could be rescued by ATN1 overexpression, suggesting that LSD1 controls NPC differentiation via regulation of ATN1 methylation status and expression. The involvement of LSD1 in ATN1 expression and NPC maintenance were confirmed in knockout mice. These findings hint at the potential application for the clinical drug, tranylcypromine, in the prevention and/or treatment of ATN1-associated degenerative disease, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy.

2015-04-29 | GSE62770 | GEO

Histone Demethylase Lsd1 is Required to Repress Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Signatures During Blood Cell Maturation

Project description:Here we describe that lysine-specific demethylase 1 (Lsd1/KDM1a), which demethylates histone H3 on LysM-bM-^@M-^I4 or LysM-bM-^@M-^I9 (H3K4/K9), is an indispensible epigenetic governor of hematopoietic differentiation. Integrative genomic analysis in primary hematopoietic cells, combining global occupancy of Lsd1, genome-wide analysis of its histone substrates H3K4 mono- and di-methylation and gene expression profiling, reveals that Lsd1 represses hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) gene expression programs during hematopoietic differentiation. We found that Lsd1 function was not restricted to transcription start sites, but is also critical at enhancers. Loss of Lsd1 at these sites was associated with increased H3K4me1 and H3K4me2 methylation levels on HSPC genes and their derepression. Failure to fully silence HSPC genes compromised differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and mature blood cell lineages. Our data indicate that Lsd1-mediated concurrent repression of enhancer and promoter activity of stem and progenitor cell genes is a pivotal epigenetic mechanism required for proper hematopoietic maturation. To identify direct target genes of Lsd1 in myeloid cells we mapped global occupancy of Lsd1 in 32D granuolocytic progenitor cells and compared H3K4me1/me2/me3 and H3K27ac histone modifications in Lsd1fl/fl (wild type) vs. Lsd1fl/f Mx1Cre (knockout) Gr1dim Mac1 granuolocytic progenitor cells.

2013-06-25 | E-GEOD-40440 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genomic rewiring of Sox2 chromatin interaction network during differentiation of ESCs to postmitotic neurons

Project description:Cellular differentiation requires cells to undergo dramatic but strictly controlled changes in chromatin organization, transcriptional regulation, and protein production and interaction. To understand the regulatory connections between these processes, we applied a multi-omics approach integrating proteomic, transcriptomic, chromatin accessibility, protein occupancy, and protein-chromatin interaction data acquired during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into post-mitotic neurons. We found extensive remodeling of the chromatin that was preceding changes on RNA and protein levels. We found the pluripotency factor Sox2 as regulator of neuron-specific genes and, as a potential mechanism, revealed its genomic redistribution from pluripotency enhancers to neuronal promoters and concomitant change of its protein interaction network upon differentiation. We identified Atrx as a major Sox2 partner in neurons, whose co-localisation correlated with an increase in active enhancer marks and increased expression of nearby genes, and where deletion of a Sox2-Atrx co-bound site resulted in reduced expression of the proximal gene. Collectively, these findings provide key insights into the regulatory transformation of Sox2 during neuronal differentiation and highlight the significance of multi-omic approaches in understanding gene regulation in complex systems.

2020-06-04 | PXD016080 | Pride

Differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes, introduced with siRNA against aof2 and rfk genes, or treated with tranylcypromine

Project description:Adipogenic differentiation and metabolic adaptation are initiated through transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming. In particular, dynamic changes in histone modifications may play central roles in the rearrangement of gene expression patterns. LSD1 (KDM1) protein, encoded by aof2 gene, is a histone demethylase, which is involved in transcriptional regulation. Since the enzymatic activity of LSD1 is FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide)-dependent, its effects on gene expression may be influenced by FAD availability. To address the importance of histone demethylation in adipogenic differentiation and function, we performed cDNA microarray in LSD1-deficient 3T3-L1 cells as well as in the cells treated with LSD1 inhibitor tranylcypromine (TC). FAD-synthesizing enyme, riboflavin kinase (RFK) -deficient cells were also subjected to the microarray analysis.

2012-04-05 | GSE18598 | GEO

Differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes, introduced with siRNA against aof2 and rfk genes, or treated with tranylcypromine

2012-04-04 | E-GEOD-18598 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Assembly of methylated LSD1 and CHD1 drives AR-dependent transcription and translocation [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:The aim of the study is to identify AR target gens in LNCaP cells 5 samples corresponding to LSD1 K114me2 or CHD1 genome-binding in DHT-treated and control LNCaP cells. 6 samples corresponding to LSD1 K114me2 or CHD1 genome-binding in LNCaP cells knocked-down for LSD1 or CHD1 and treated with DHT.

2015-12-07 | E-GEOD-64528 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The histone demethylase KDM1A sustains the oncogenic potential of MLL-AF9 leukemia stem cells (ChIP-Seq data)

Project description:Using a mouse model of human MLL-AF9 leukemia, we identified the lysine-specific demethylase KDM1A (LSD1 or AOF2) as an essential regulator of leukemia stem cell (LSC) potential. KDM1A acts at genomic loci bound by MLL-AF9 to sustain expression of the associated oncogenic program, thus preventing differentiation and apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo pharmacologic targeting of KDM1A using tranylcypromine analogues active in the nanomolar range phenocopied Kdm1a knockdown in both murine and primary human AML cells exhibiting MLL translocations. By contrast, the clonogenic and repopulating potential of normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells was spared. Our data establish KDM1A as a key effector of the differentiation block in MLL leukemia which may be selectively targeted to therapeutic effect. To investigate the effects of Kdm1a KD on histone modifications, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) in control and Kdm1a KD MLL-AF9 AML cells for dimethyl-H3K4 and dimethyl-H3K9, as well as for trimethyl-H3K4 and trimethyl-H3K9. Dimethyl-H3K4 and dimethyl-H3K9 are targeted for demethylation by KDM1A. For each of these histone modifications, we compared the mean ChIP-Seq signal across and around protein coding genes bound by the MLL-AF9 oncoprotein (Bernt et al., 2011) with the mean signal from genes not bound by MLL-AF9 expressed at high, middle or low levels.

2012-03-28 | E-GEOD-36346 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Enhancer Decommissioning by LSD1 During Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation (ChIP-seq)

Project description:Transcription factors and chromatin modifiers play important roles in programming and reprogramming of cellular states during development. Much is known about the role of these regulators in gene activation, but relatively little is known about the critical process of enhancer silencing during differentiation. Here we show that the H3K4/K9 histone demethylase LSD1 plays an essential role in decommissioning enhancers during differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). LSD1 occupies enhancers of active genes critical for control of ESC state. However, LSD1 is not essential for maintenance of ESC identity. Instead, ESCs lacking LSD1 activity fail to fully differentiate and ESC-specific enhancers fail to undergo the histone demethylation events associated with differentiation. At enhancers, LSD1 is a component of the NuRD complex, which contains additional subunits that are necessary for ESC differentiation. We propose that the LSD1-NuRD complex decommissions enhancers of the pluripotency program upon differentiation, which is essential for complete shutdown of the ESC gene expression program and the transition to new cell states. This is the ChIP-seq part of the study.

2012-01-03 | E-GEOD-27841 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data of differentiated human erythroid cells with or without Tranylcypromine (TC) treatment

Project description:We found that LSD1 inhibition by a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, tranylcypromine (TC), could enhance fetal gamma globin expression. Global effects of TC on erythroid expession were conducted by HG-U219 array strips.

2013-02-16 | GSE42078 | GEO

Targeting Group3 Medulloblastoma by the anti-PRUNE-1 and anti-LSD1- KDM1A molecules augments their potential therapeutic value.

Project description:The combination of AA7.1 and SP2577 affects neuronal commitment,leukocyte differentiation and mitochondrial metabolism. To better dissect the mechanisms of action of these two drugs and to investigate the genes and pathways affected we treated primary Group3 MB for 24 hours with 100μM AA7.1 (pruneinhibotor) , 22.5μM SP2577 ( LSD1 inhibitor) and the combination and we performed RNA-Seq. Vehicle treated cells were used as control. Gene expression analysis showed up-regulation of genes implicated in neuronal differentiation, mitochondrial metabolism in cells treated with Prune-1 and LSD1 inhibitors, with stronger evidence in cells treated with the combination of two drugs.

2024-03-30 | E-MTAB-13616 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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