Expression profile of osteoclasts treated with bisphosphonates
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
SUBMITTER: Tony Yuen
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-63009 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:Bisphosphonates are the mainstay of therapy worldwide for osteoporosis. They inhibit the activities of the osteoclasts, the bone resorption cells. While bisphosphonates are known to block farnesyl pyrophsophate synthase to exert their anti-resorptive action, the detailed mechanism is not well understood. Examining the change in expression profile before and after bisphosphonate treatment in the osteoclasts might shed some light on the biological pathways that are perturbed.
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Project description:Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells generated by the fusion of precursors in response to stimulation with macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF) and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL). These cells are the only cells capable of resorbing bone. Tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase is an enzyme secreted by osteoclasts that acts in bone resorption. Mice that are deficient for TRAP have shorter bones and their osteoclasts have decreased resorption capacity. In this project, we will isolate bone marrow macrophages from wild type and TRAP deficient mice, and differentiate the cells in osteoclasts in vitro. RNA will be extracted from macrophages and from macrophages stimulated with RANKL for both mouse lines (n=3/group) yielding 4 groups: Group 1 – macrophages from wild type mice, Group 2 – osteoclasts from wild type mice, Group 3 – macrophages from TRAP deficient mice, Group 4 – osteoclasts from TRAP deficient mice. The differential gene expression will be analyzed by RNAseq.
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Project description:Bone remodeling is characterized by the sequential, local tethering of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, and is key to the maintenance of bone integrity. While bone matrix-mobilized growth factors, such as TGF-β, are proposed to regulate remodeling, no in vivo evidence exists that an osteoclast-produced molecule is the enigmatic coupling factor. We have identified Cthrc1, a protein secreted by mature bone-resorbing osteoclasts, that targets stromal cells so as to stimulate osteogenesis. The expression of Cthrc1 is robustly induced when mature osteoclasts are placed on dentin or hydroxyapatite, and also by increasing extracellular calcium. Cthrc1 expression in bone increases in a high turnover state, such as that which is induced by RANKL injections in vivo, whereas it decreases with aging or following alendronate treatment, conditions associated with suppressed bone turnover. The targeted deletion of the Cthrc1 gene eliminates Cthrc1 expression in bone, whereas its deficiency in osteoblasts does not exert any significant effect. Osteoclast-specific deletion of the Cthrc1 gene results in osteopenia due to reduced bone formation: it also impairs the coupling process following resorption induced by RANKL injections, with a resultant impairment of bone mass recovery. Thus, Cthrc1 is an osteoclast-secreted “coupling factor” that regulates bone remodeling and hence, skeletal integrity. Total bone marrow cells were prepared from the femurs and tibias of 8-10-week-old C57BL/6 mice and cultured in the presence of M-CSF (100ng/ml) for 3 days as described previously (Takeshita et al., 2000 JBMR 15:1477-1488). Cells were harvested with 0.02% EDTA/PBS and used as bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). These BMMs were cultured in the presence of M-CSF (100 ng/ml) and RANKL (100ng/ml) for 2 days. TRAP positive mononuclear cells were harvested and used as pre-osteoclasts (pOC). These pOC cells were further cultured in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL for 2 days in normal plastic plate or on dentin slices. After 2 days, multinucleated TRAP positive mature osteoclasts were generated as mature osteoclasts on plate (mOCp) and mature resorbing osteoclasts on dentin (mOCd), respectively. RNAs were extracted from four different stages of osteoclast lineage cells; BMMs, pOC, mOCp and mOCd, and used for microarray analysis.
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