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Maternal DNA methylation regulates early trophoblast development

ABSTRACT: Critical roles for DNA methylation in embryonic development are well established, but less is known about the roles of DNA methylation during trophoblast development, the extraembryonic lineage that gives rise to the placenta. Here we dissected the role of DNA methylation in trophoblast development by performing mRNA and DNA methylation profiling of Dnmt3a/3b-null trophoblast. We find that most gene deregulation is explained by an erasure of maternal methylation in the oocyte, but partially independent of loss of imprinting of the trophoblast-essential Ascl2 gene. Our results reveal that maternal DNA methylation controls multiple differentiation and physiological processes in trophoblast via both imprinting-dependent and -independent mechanisms. mRNA-seq and WGBS-seq of maternal Dnmt3a/3b-null trophoblast; mRNA-seq of maternal Ascl2 KO trophoblast

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Felix Krueger

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-66049 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Maternal DNA methylation regulates early trophoblast development

Project description:Critical roles for DNA methylation in embryonic development are well established, but less is known about the roles of DNA methylation during trophoblast development, the extraembryonic lineage that gives rise to the placenta. Here we dissected the role of DNA methylation in trophoblast development by performing mRNA and DNA methylation profiling of Dnmt3a/3b-null trophoblast. We find that most gene deregulation is explained by an erasure of maternal methylation in the oocyte, but partially independent of loss of imprinting of the trophoblast-essential Ascl2 gene. Our results reveal that maternal DNA methylation controls multiple differentiation and physiological processes in trophoblast via both imprinting-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

2016-01-07 | GSE66049 | GEO

Disabling de novo DNA methylation in embryonic stem cells allows an illegitimate fate trajectory

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Project description:Genome remethylation is essential for mammalian development. Here we examined cell fate in the absence of de novo DNA methyltransferases. We found that embryonic stem (ES) cells deficient for Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are rapidly eliminated from chimaeras. Pluripotency progression is derailed towards extra-embryonic trophoblast. This aberrant trajectory is propelled by failure to methylate and suppress expression of Ascl2 during formative transition. Ascl2 deletion rescues transition and improves contribution to chimaeric epiblast but mutant cells are progressively lost in later development. These findings indicate that methylation constrains transcriptome trajectories during developmental transitions by silencing potentially disruptive genes. This submission is ATAC-seq.

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De novo DNA methylation suppresses aberrant fate trajectory during epiblast transition [RNA-seq]

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Mechanisms and function of de novo DNA methylation in placental development [PBAT]

Project description:DNA methylation is a repressive epigenetic modification that is essential for development, exemplified by the embryonic and perinatal lethality observed in mice lacking de novo DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Here we characterise the role for DNMT3A, 3B and 3L in gene regulation and development of the mouse placenta. We demonstrate that each of the DNMTs is required to establish the placental methylome and is distinctly targeted to genome based on underlying chromatin features. Loss of Dnmt3b results in de-repression of germline genes in trophoblast lineages and impaired development of the placental maternal-foetal interface. Critically, loss of DNA methylation in the placenta did not lead to abnormalities in lineage specification or cell identity, but to defective formation and vascularisation of the placental labyrinth. Using Sox2-Cre to delete Dnmt3b in the embryo, leaving expression intact in placental trophoblast cells, we were able to rescue the placental phenotype and, consequently, the embryonic lethality, as Dnmt3b null embryos could now survive to birth. We conclude that the principal function of DNA methylation during embryogenesis is to regulate placental function, which in turn is critical for embryo survival.

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Mechanisms and function of de novo DNA methylation in placental development [snRNA-seq]

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Mechanisms and function of de novo DNA methylation in placental development [ChIP-seq]

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2020-03-03 | GSE134267 | GEO

Reduced representative bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) analysis for a genome-wide comparison of DNA methylation in wild-type, USP7-KO-1, DNMT3A/3B-DKO and DNMT3A/DNMT3B/USP7-TKO HeLa cell lines.

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