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A role for Widely Interspaced Zinc finger (WIZ) in retention of the G9a methyltransferase on chromatin

ABSTRACT: G9a and GLP lysine methyltransferases form a heterodimeric complex that is responsible for the bulk of cellular mono- and di-methylation on histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me1/me2). Widely Interspaced Zinc finger (WIZ) associates with the G9a/GLP protein complex, but its role in lysine methylation is poorly defined. Here, we show that WIZ regulates global H3K9me2 levels through a mechanism that involves retention of G9a on chromatin. We also show that WIZ-mediated chromatin loss of G9a/GLP results in altered gene expression and protein-protein interactions that are distinguishable from that of using a molecule-induced enzymatic inhibitor towards G9a/GLP – thus providing evidence that the G9a/GLP/WIZ complex has unique functions when bound to chromatin that are independent of the H3K9me2 mark DMSO, UNC0638, NS, and siWIZ treatments to HEK293T cells, assessing G9a and H3K9me2 localization, each performed in duplicate, plus one input control for each cell condition. 30 samples total.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Ian Davis

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-67317 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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A role for Widely Interspaced Zinc finger (WIZ) in retention of the G9a methyltransferase on chromatin

Project description:G9a and GLP lysine methyltransferases form a heterodimeric complex that is responsible for the bulk of cellular mono- and di-methylation on histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me1/me2). Widely Interspaced Zinc finger (WIZ) associates with the G9a/GLP protein complex, but its role in lysine methylation is poorly defined. Here, we show that WIZ regulates global H3K9me2 levels through a mechanism that involves retention of G9a on chromatin. We also show that WIZ-mediated chromatin loss of G9a/GLP results in altered gene expression and protein-protein interactions that are distinguishable from that of using a molecule-induced enzymatic inhibitor towards G9a/GLP – thus providing evidence that the G9a/GLP/WIZ complex has unique functions when bound to chromatin that are independent of the H3K9me2 mark

2015-09-03 | GSE67317 | GEO

Identification of proteins stably associated with G9a/GLP (EHMT2/EHMT1) complex of histone methyltransferases

Project description:G9a (EHMT2) and the G9a-like protein GLP (EHMT1) form a stable G9a/GLP heterodimer in embryonic stem cells and function cooperatively to establish and maintain the abundant repressive H3K9me2 modification, in addition to modifying several non-histone proteins. The G9a-dependent H3K9me2 is implicated in lineage-specific gene silencing and covers large chromosomal domains. While the mechanism of H3K9me2maintenance by G9a/GLP is known, how new patterns of this modification are established is not well understood. With this in mind, we used FLAG affinity purification of G9a under two different stringency conditions (150 and 300 mM NaCl) coupled with mass spectrometry to identify proteins stably associated with G9a/GLP, which could serve as potential recruiters of the complex to unmodified chromatin.

2016-03-16 | PXD003466 | Pride

Regulation of mammalian 3D genome organization and histone H3K9 dimethylation by H3K9 methyltransferases

Project description:Histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) is a highly conserved silencing epigenetic mark. Chromatin marked with H3K9me2 forms large domains in mammalian cells and overlaps well with lamina-associated domains and the B compartment defined by Hi-C. However, the role of H3K9me2 in 3-dimensional (3D) genome organization remains unclear. We investigated genome-wide H3K9me2 distribution, transcriptome, and 3D genome organization in mouse embryonic stem cells following the inhibition or depletion of five H3K9 methyltransferases (MTases): G9a, GLP, SETDB1, SUV39H1, and SUV39H2. H3K9me2 was regulated by all five MTases; however, H3K9me2 and transcription in the A and B compartments were regulated by different MTases. H3K9me2 in A compartments was primarily regulated by G9a/GLP and SETDB1, while H3K9me2 in the B compartments was regulated by all five MTases. Furthermore, decreased H3K9me2 correlated with changes to the more active compartmental state that accompanied transcriptional activation.

2021-08-05 | PXD024756 | Pride

G9a is essential for epigenetic silencing of K+ channel genes in acute-to-chronic pain transition

Project description:AIM: We performed RNA-sequencing experiments seeking genes whose expression changed due to nerve injury. In addition, we wanted to test whether inhibition of the methyl transferase G9a/GLP, that methylates H3K9me2, could reverse those expression changes due to nerve ligation. G9a/GLP methylase was pharmacologically inhibited using UNC0638. METHOD: We generated cDNA libraries from RNA purified from DRGs obtained from Sham operated (4), SNL (4), and SNL plus UNC0638 (3) rats. We sequenced the cDNA libraries generating single end 50 bp reads on the illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Sequencing reads were aligned to the rat genome rn4 using TopHat RESULTS: We were able to map 16876 genes, from which 2035 changed their expression values at least two fold when we compared SNL to Sham operated (pâ?¤ 0.01). There were 1205 upregulated and 832 down-regulated genes. Next, we focused on genes whose expression was either up or down-regulated 2 fold due to nerve ligation, and the values would be normalized to control level after G9a/GLP inhibito (UNC0638)r treatment. We identified 639 genes in our data set that behave this way We generated cDNA libraries from RNA purified from DRGs obtained from Sham operated (4), SNL (4), and SNL plus UNC0638 (3) rats. We sequenced the cDNA libraries generating single end 50 bp reads on the illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Sequencing reads were aligned to the rat genome rn4 using TopHat

2015-11-02 | E-GEOD-59043 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Inhibition of H3K9me2-specific histone methyltransferase, G9a/GLP, reveals transcripts regulated by the establishment of H3K9me2 in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells

Project description:We have performed RNA-seq from DMSO control treated, G9a/GLP inhibitor (UNC0638) treated, and DNA-demethylating agent (Decitabine) treated CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. This experiment was performed to identify transcripts that were uniquely affected by the loss of H3K9me2 in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

2023-05-01 | GSE204743 | GEO

G9a is essential for epigenetic silencing of K+ channel genes in acute-to-chronic pain transition

Project description:AIM: We performed RNA-sequencing experiments seeking genes whose expression changed due to nerve injury. In addition, we wanted to test whether inhibition of the methyl transferase G9a/GLP, that methylates H3K9me2, could reverse those expression changes due to nerve ligation. G9a/GLP methylase was pharmacologically inhibited using UNC0638. METHOD: We generated cDNA libraries from RNA purified from DRGs obtained from Sham operated (4), SNL (4), and SNL plus UNC0638 (3) rats. We sequenced the cDNA libraries generating single end 50 bp reads on the illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Sequencing reads were aligned to the rat genome rn4 using TopHat RESULTS: We were able to map 16876 genes, from which 2035 changed their expression values at least two fold when we compared SNL to Sham operated (p≤ 0.01). There were 1205 upregulated and 832 down-regulated genes. Next, we focused on genes whose expression was either up or down-regulated 2 fold due to nerve ligation, and the values would be normalized to control level after G9a/GLP inhibito (UNC0638)r treatment. We identified 639 genes in our data set that behave this way

2015-11-02 | GSE59043 | GEO

GLP is critical for oogenesis exhibiting a G9A-independent role in transcriptional repression

Project description:GLP (EHMT1) functions as an H3K9me1 and H3K9me2 methyltransferase through its reportedly obligatory dimerization with G9A (EHMT2). Here, we investigated the role of GLP in oocyte and embryo development in comparison to G9A using oocyte-specific conditional knockout mouse models (G9a cKO, Glp cKO, G9a-Glp cDKO). Loss of GLP in oogenesis severely impairs oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo development, resulting in lethality before embryonic day E12.5. In contrast, loss of G9A has a milder effect with a proportion of embryos producing viable offspring. The Glp cKO also showed loss of G9A protein and, hence, was phenotypically very similar to the G9a-Glp cDKO. H3K9me2 was equally depleted in all cKO genotypes, whereas H3K9me1 was decreased only in Glp cKO and G9a-Glp cDKO oocytes. Furthermore, the transcriptome, DNA methylome and proteome were markedly more affected in G9a-Glp cDKO than G9a cKO oocytes, demonstrating that in the absence of GLP there are widespread epigenetic and gene expression changes in the oocyte independent of H3K9me2. Gene dysregulation with coupled changes in DNA methylation suggest localised loss of chromatin repression, resulting in upregulated protein expression. Together, our findings demonstrate that GLP can function independently of G9A in the oocyte and is required for oocyte developmental competence.

2022-12-02 | GSE191026 | GEO

3xMBT protein pull-down - A general molecular affinity strategy for global detection and proteomic analysis of lysine methylation

Project description:Lysine methylation of histone proteins regulates chromatin dynamics and plays important roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes. However, beyond histone proteins, the proteome-wide extent of lysine methylation is largely unknown. We have developed the naturally occurring MBT domain repeats of L3MBTL1 (3xMBT) to serve as a universal affinity reagent for detecting, enriching, and identifying proteins carrying a mono- or dimethylated lysine. The domain is broadly specific for methylated lysine ("pan-specific") and can be applied to any biological system. In experiments using two different instruments (experiment 1 - Orbitrap Elite, experiment 2 - Orbitrap Velos) we have used SILAC to compare proteins captured by 3xMBT to proteins captured by the D355N mutant, which does not bind methylated lysine. Data was analyzed using MaxQuant version 1.3.0.5 using default parameters except that mono and di-methylated lysine were included as variable modifications and modification-specific false discovery rate was set to 10%. Several hundred proteins are specifically enriched by 3xMBT and we have directly detected lysine methylation on about two dozen. We have also used our approach to identify candidate in-cell substrates of G9a and the related methyltransferase GLP. Three-way SILAC was used to compare methylated proteins between cells treated with UNC0638, a specific inhibitor of G9a and GLP, and cells treated with vehicle control. We find reduced capture of the known G9a substrates WIZ and ACIN1, as well as identifying DNA ligase 1 as a potential target for G9a/GLP. Together, our results demonstrate a powerful new approach for global and quantitative analysis of methylated lysine, and they represent the first systems biology understanding of lysine methylation.

2013-11-11 | PXD000361 | Pride

Unexpected distinct roles of the related histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferases G9a and G9a-Like Protein in myoblasts

Project description:Lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP (G9a- Like Protein) form functional heterodimeric complexes that establish mono- and dimethylation on histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me1, H3K9me2) in euchromatin. Here we describe unexpected opposite individual roles for G9a and GLP during skeletal muscle terminal differentiation. Indeed, gain- or loss-of-function assays in myoblasts showed that in consistency with previous reports that G9a inhibits terminal differentiation. But GLP plays a more complicated role in muscle differentiation since both knockdown and overexpression inhibits terminal differentiation. Unexpectedly, in contrast to G9a, we show that GLP overexpression promotes abnormal expression of muscle differentiationspecific genes in proliferating myoblasts. Transcriptomic analysis indicates that G9a and GLP regulate different sets of genes. GLP, but not G9a, inhibits at the transcriptional level proteasome subunit-encoding genes resulting in an inhibition of the proteasome activities. Subsequently, GLP, but not G9a, overexpression stabilizes MyoD that is likely to be responsible for muscle markers expression in proliferating myoblasts.

2016-02-01 | GSE72626 | GEO

G9a/GLP-dependent H3K9me2 patterning alters chromatin structure at CpG islands in hematopoietic progenitors.

Project description:We profiled chromatin accessibility across the genome of HSPCs treated with either a small molecule inhibitor of G9a/GLP or DMSO. We observed that chromatin accessibility is dramatically altered at the regions of H3K9me2 nucleation. We have characterized the regions of H3K9me2 nucleation, revealing that H3K9me2 is nucleated in HSPCs at CpG islands (CGIs) and CGI-like sequences across the genome. Our analysis furthermore revealed a bias of H3K9me2 nucleation towards regions with low rates of C->T deamination, which typically lack DNA methylation. Lastly we examined the interaction of H3K9me2 and DNA methylation and determined that chromatin accessibility changes upon loss of H3K9me2 are dependent on the presence of DNA methylation. Examination of chromatin remodeling with FAIRE-seq in HSPCs treated with either a small molecule inhibitor of G9a/GLP or DMSO

2014-09-25 | E-GEOD-59749 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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