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Selective Death in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Genome-Wide RNA-Seq Using Purified Patient-Derived Motor Neurons

ABSTRACT: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is well-known to be caused by mutations in the gene Survival of Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1). Because this gene is ubiquitously expressed, it remains poorly understood why motor neurons (MNs) are one of the most affected cell types. To begin to address this question, we carried out RNA-sequencing studies using fixed, antibody-labeled and purified MNs produced from control and SMA patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We found SMA-specific changes in MNs, including hyper-activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway and enhanced apoptosis. Functional studies demonstrated that inhibition of ER stress improves overall MN health and survival in vitro even in MNs with low SMN levels. In SMA mice, we show that systemic delivery of an ER stress inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain-barrier led to preservation of MNs in the spinal cord and prolonged survival of these mice. Therefore, our study implies that selective activation of ER stress underlies MN death in SMA. Moreover, the approach we have taken would be broadly applicable to studying disease-prone human cells in heterogeneous cultures. total RNA collected from ES cell and patient ES cell derived spinal motor neurons

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: David Hendrickson

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-69175 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Selective Death in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Genome-Wide RNA-Seq Using Purified Patient-Derived Motor Neurons

Project description:Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is well-known to be caused by mutations in the gene Survival of Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1). Because this gene is ubiquitously expressed, it remains poorly understood why motor neurons (MNs) are one of the most affected cell types. To begin to address this question, we carried out RNA-sequencing studies using fixed, antibody-labeled and purified MNs produced from control and SMA patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We found SMA-specific changes in MNs, including hyper-activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway and enhanced apoptosis. Functional studies demonstrated that inhibition of ER stress improves overall MN health and survival in vitro even in MNs with low SMN levels. In SMA mice, we show that systemic delivery of an ER stress inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain-barrier led to preservation of MNs in the spinal cord and prolonged survival of these mice. Therefore, our study implies that selective activation of ER stress underlies MN death in SMA. Moreover, the approach we have taken would be broadly applicable to studying disease-prone human cells in heterogeneous cultures.

2015-09-01 | GSE69175 | GEO

Human expression data from iPSCs, motor neurons derived from iPSCs and ESCs, and fetal spinal cords

Project description:We compare transcriptomic profiles of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), motor neurons (MNs) in vitro differentiated from iPSCs or human ESCs containing a HB9::GFP reporter for MNs, and human fetal spinal cords. The purpose of this comparison is to assess the extent of molecular similarities between in vitro differentiated MNs and in vivo fetal or adult spinal cord MNs. Data for adult spinal cord MNs are published from other studies: GSE3526, GSE19332, GSE20589, and GSE40438. Human induced pluripotent stem cells, pluripotent stem cell derived motor neurons, and fetal spinal cords for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix arrays.

2016-06-26 | E-GEOD-75701 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Modeling the early phenotype at the neuromuscular junction of spinal muscular atrophy using patient-derived iPSCs

Project description:Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations of the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. In the pathogenesis of SMA, pathological changes of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) precede the motor neuronal loss. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate the NMJ formed by SMA patientsM-bM-^@M-^Y motor neurons (MNs), and to identify drugs that can restore the normal condition. We generated NMJ-like structures using motor neurons (MNs) derived from SMA patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and found that the clustering of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is significantly impaired. Valproic acid and antisense oligonucleotide treatment ameliorated the AChR clustering defects, leading to an increase in the level of full-length SMN transcripts. Thus, the current in vitro model of AChR clustering using SMA patient-derived iPSCs is useful to dissect the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of SMA, and to evaluate the efficacy of new therapeutic approaches.M-bM-^@M-^C To compare the gene expression pattern between control and patient derived iPSCs

2015-01-31 | E-GEOD-65470 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptome profiling of severe spinal muscular atrophy mouse embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons

Project description:Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an early onset, autosomal recessive motor neuron disease caused by loss of or mutation in SMN1 (survival motor neuron 1). Despite understanding the genetic basis underlying this disease, it is still not known why motor neurons (MNs) are selectively affected by the loss of the ubiquitously expressed SMN protein. Using a mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) model for severe SMA, the RNA transcript profiles (transcriptomes) between control and severe SMA (SMN2+/+;mSmn-/-) mESC-derived MNs were compared in this study using massively parallel RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The MN differentiation efficiencies between control and severe SMA mESCs were similar. RNA-Seq analysis identified 3094 upregulated and 6964 downregulated transcripts in SMA mESC-derived MNs when compared against control cells. Pathway and network analysis of the differentially expressed RNA transcripts showed that pluripotency and cell proliferation transcripts were significantly increased in SMA MNs while transcripts related to neuronal development and activity were reduced. The differential expression of selected transcripts such as Crabp1, Crabp2 and Nkx2.2 was validated in a second mESC model for SMA as well as in the spinal cords of low copy SMN2 severe SMA mice. Furthermore, the levels of these selected transcripts were restored in high copy SMN2 rescue mouse spinal cords when compared against low copy SMN2 severe SMA mice. These findings suggest that SMN deficiency affects processes critical for normal development and maintenance of MNs. RNA profiles were generated from FACS-purified control and SMA mESC-derived motor neurons (n=3/genotype) by deep sequencing using Illumina HighSeq 2500

2014-09-08 | E-GEOD-56284 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Modeling the early phenotype at the neuromuscular junction of spinal muscular atrophy using patient-derived iPSCs (RNA-Seq)

Project description:Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations of the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. In the pathogenesis of SMA, pathological changes of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) precede the motor neuronal loss. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate the NMJ formed by SMA patientsM-bM-^@M-^Y motor neurons (MNs), and to identify drugs that can restore the normal condition. We generated NMJ-like structures using motor neurons (MNs) derived from SMA patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and found that the clustering of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is significantly impaired. Valproic acid and antisense oligonucleotide treatment ameliorated the AChR clustering defects, leading to an increase in the level of full-length SMN transcripts. Thus, the current in vitro model of AChR clustering using SMA patient-derived iPSCs is useful to dissect the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of SMA, and to evaluate the efficacy of new therapeutic approaches.M-bM-^@M-^C to evaluate the effects of VPA on the expression profiles of the MNs

2015-02-03 | E-GEOD-65508 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptome profiling of severe spinal muscular atrophy mouse embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons

2014-09-08 | GSE56284 | GEO

Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patient iPSC-derived Motor Neurons Display Altered Proteins at Early Stages of Differentiation

Project description:Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is characterized by low levels of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and loss of motor neurons (MN); however, the underlying mechanism that links SMN deficiency to selective motor neuronal dysfunction is still largely unknown. We present here, for the first time, a comprehensive quantitative mass spectrometry study that covers the development of iPSC-derived MNs from both healthy individuals and SMA patients. We show an altered proteomic signature in SMA already at early stages during MN differentiation, associated with ER to Golgi transport, mRNA splicing and protein ubiquitination, in line with known SMA phenotypes. These alterations in the SMA proteome increase further towards later stages of MN differentiation. In addition, we find differences in altered protein expression between SMA patients, which however, have similar biological functions. Finally, we highlight several known SMN-binding partners as well as proteins associated with ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and evaluate their expression changes during MN differentiation. Altogether, our work provides a rich resource of molecular events during early stages of MN differentiation, containing potentially therapeutically interesting protein expression profiles for SMA.

2022-02-15 | PXD015115 | Pride

Modeling the early phenotype at the neuromuscular junction of spinal muscular atrophy using patient-derived iPSCs (RNA-Seq)

Project description:Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations of the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. In the pathogenesis of SMA, pathological changes of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) precede the motor neuronal loss. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate the NMJ formed by SMA patients’ motor neurons (MNs), and to identify drugs that can restore the normal condition. We generated NMJ-like structures using motor neurons (MNs) derived from SMA patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and found that the clustering of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is significantly impaired. Valproic acid and antisense oligonucleotide treatment ameliorated the AChR clustering defects, leading to an increase in the level of full-length SMN transcripts. Thus, the current in vitro model of AChR clustering using SMA patient-derived iPSCs is useful to dissect the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of SMA, and to evaluate the efficacy of new therapeutic approaches.

2015-02-03 | GSE65508 | GEO

Modeling the early phenotype at the neuromuscular junction of spinal muscular atrophy using patient-derived iPSCs

Project description:Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations of the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. In the pathogenesis of SMA, pathological changes of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) precede the motor neuronal loss. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate the NMJ formed by SMA patients’ motor neurons (MNs), and to identify drugs that can restore the normal condition. We generated NMJ-like structures using motor neurons (MNs) derived from SMA patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and found that the clustering of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is significantly impaired. Valproic acid and antisense oligonucleotide treatment ameliorated the AChR clustering defects, leading to an increase in the level of full-length SMN transcripts. Thus, the current in vitro model of AChR clustering using SMA patient-derived iPSCs is useful to dissect the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of SMA, and to evaluate the efficacy of new therapeutic approaches.

2015-01-31 | GSE65470 | GEO

Single-cell RNA-seq of motor neuron progenitors differentiated from mouse embryonic stem cell line HM1 by treatment with RA and SAG

Project description:To define the sequence of events that lead to the generation of somatic motor neurons (MNs), we took advantage of ESCs, which can be directed to differentiate into spinal neural progenitors (NPs) in vitro (Gouti et al. 2014). This method relies on the exposure of ESCs, cultured as a monolayer, to a brief pulse of Wnt signalling prior to neural induction. Subsequently, removal of Wnt signalling and exposure to retinoic acid (RA) results in the generation of NPs. Exposure of these NPs to Shh signalling agonist SAG induces the expression of genes expressed in the ventral spinal cord and the induction of MNs.

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