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Small and large RNA sequencing of mouse livers receiving small hairpin RNAs

ABSTRACT: Adeno-associated viral (AAV) small hairpin (shRNA) expression vectors are a promising therapeutic but can induce severe liver toxicity when delivered at high albeit undefined doses. Using various AAV-shRNA vectors under the high-expressing U6 and low-expressing H1 promoters, we found that dose-limiting toxicity was strongly correlated with an shRNA concentration of >12% of total microRNA levels. Toxicity was associated with a specific reduction in the first synthesized 22nt isoform of miR-122-5p, resulting in the specific de-repression of miR-122 target mRNAs. A causative link between miR-122 reduction and toxicity was established when an AAV-sh-miR-122 vector producing >20% of the total liver miRNAs prevented liver toxicity. Consistent with these results, miR-122 knockout mice, which in part adapt to an absence of miR-122 reduction, also show no toxicity with high dose AAV-shRNA delivery. RNA sequencing of 12 liver samples, 2 receiving H1-shRNAs, 7 with U6-shRNAs and 3 controls; small RNA sequencing of 95 samples including 18 with CMV-driven miR-122 expression in HEK293 cells, 13 in miR-122 knockout mice, 9 samples in mice heterozygous for miR-122, 5 samples with Cre-mediate excision of miR-122, 19 samples immunoprecipitated with Ago2 and 31 additional liver samples (3 control, 11 receiving H1-shRNAs and 17 receiving U6-shRNAs). Small RNA libraries were barcoded (first 4 nucleotides) at the 5' end and ligated to linker-1 (5'-CTGTAGGCACCATCAAT) at the 3' end.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Paul Valdmanis

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-69186 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Small and large RNA sequencing of mouse livers receiving small hairpin RNAs

Project description:Adeno-associated viral (AAV) small hairpin (shRNA) expression vectors are a promising therapeutic but can induce severe liver toxicity when delivered at high albeit undefined doses. Using various AAV-shRNA vectors under the high-expressing U6 and low-expressing H1 promoters, we found that dose-limiting toxicity was strongly correlated with an shRNA concentration of >12% of total microRNA levels. Toxicity was associated with a specific reduction in the first synthesized 22nt isoform of miR-122-5p, resulting in the specific de-repression of miR-122 target mRNAs. A causative link between miR-122 reduction and toxicity was established when an AAV-sh-miR-122 vector producing >20% of the total liver miRNAs prevented liver toxicity. Consistent with these results, miR-122 knockout mice, which in part adapt to an absence of miR-122 reduction, also show no toxicity with high dose AAV-shRNA delivery.

2016-03-09 | GSE69186 | GEO

Engineering of a promoterless anti-viral RNAi hairpin into an endogenous miRNA locus [miRNA]

Project description:Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression strategies that allow safe and persistent target mRNA knockdown are key to the success of many in vitro or in vivo RNAi applications. Here, we propose a novel solution which is expression of a promoterless miRNA-adapted shRNA (shmiRNA) from an engineered genomic miRNA locus. For proof-of-concept, we genetically “vaccinated” liver cells against a human pathogen, by using TALEns or CRISPR to integrate an anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) shmiRNA into the liver-specific miR-122/hcr gene. Reporter assays and qRT-PCR confirmed anti-HCV shmiRNA expression as well as miR-122 integrity and functionality. Specificity and safety of shmiRNA integration were validated via PCR, cDNA and miRNA profiling, and whole genome sequencing. A subgenomic HCV replicon and a full-length reporter virus, but not a Dengue virus control, were significantly impaired in the modified cells. Our original combination of DNA engineering and RNA expression technologies should benefit numerous applications, from basic miRNA research, to human cell and gene therapy Four Huh7 cells lines at 3 different passages were analyzed. The reference cell line was Huh7 wild type cells (WT). The other three cell lines had an integration of an anti-HCV shmiRNA in the hcr locus and miR-122 intact (T2 31.3) or mutated (TS 30.20 and U6 20.16). RNA was extracted from three different passages.

2015-05-07 | E-GEOD-68620 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Engineering of a promoterless anti-viral RNAi hairpin into an endogenous miRNA locus [mRNA]

2015-05-07 | E-GEOD-68637 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Small RNA sequencing of mouse muscle and heart samples after small hairpin RNA delivery

Project description:RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising gene therapy strategy for targeting dominant mutations. This therapy leverages small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) to knock down gene expression; however, delivery of too much shRNA can disrupt the processing of endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs), and lead to toxicity. In this study, we sought to understand the effect that excessive shRNAs have on muscle miRNAs by transducing several constructs in mice and performing small RNA sequencing on their muscle and liver tissues. We found that shRNA expression was highest in the heart, and that when shRNAs accumulated to about 27% of total small RNAs, mice experienced substantial cardiomyopathy. At this level in the heart, shRNAs in other muscle tissues were only ~1.8-7.6% of total miRNAs. Regardless of treatment, the predominant heart microRNAs remained stable across samples, while the lower-expressed miR-451 – one of the only microRNAs processed in a Dicer-independent manner – changed in direct correlation with shRNA level and toxicity. Our data suggest that certain muscle miRNAs compete with exogenous shRNAs, leading to the observed cardiomyopathy, and that the mechanism of cardiotoxicity in these mice in response shRNA treatment was in contrast to what has been previously shown in the liver. Quantifying microRNA profiles after excessive shRNA delivery illuminates the host response to rAAV-shRNA, allowing for safer and more robust therapeutic gene knockdown, and gives us insight into the basic functions of muscle microRNAs.

2019-12-30 | GSE129896 | GEO

miR-122-dependent binding of TNRC6 to HCV RNA

Project description:The liver-specific microRNA, miR-122, is an essential host factor for replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV), an important infectious cause of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. miR-122 stabilizes the positive-strand HCV RNA genome and promotes viral RNA synthesis by binding two closely spaced sites (S1 and S2) near the 5’ end of the genome in association with Ago2. Ago2 is essential for both host factor activities, but whether other host proteins are involved is unknown. Using a quantitative proteomics approach, we identified TNRC6A (GW182) and its paralogs (TNRC6B and TNRC6C), as functionally important components of the miR-122/Ago2 host factor complex binding HCV RNA. Depletion of any two TNRC6 proteins reduced HCV replication in Huh-7.5 cells,but did not reduce viral RNA stability or translational activity, but rather dampened miR-122 stimulation of viral RNA synthesis. However, TNRC6 depletion had no effect on replication of HCV in which S2 was mutated so that miR-122 binds only S1, whereas it significantly enhanced replication when S1 was mutated and only S2 bound by miR-122. Consistent with this, we found that TNRC6 proteins preferentially associate with the S1 site, and that the association of Ago2 with S2 is increased in TNRC6-depleted cells. Collectively, these data suggest a model in which TNRC6 proteins, which are known to interact with Ago2, preferentially direct the miR-122/Ago2 complex to S1 while restricting its association with S2, thereby fine tuning the spatial organization of miR-122/Ago2 complexes bound to the viral RNA.

2019-04-24 | PXD013054 | Pride

Liver transcriptome profiling of liver specific miR-122 knockout and control male mice

Project description:Liver transcriptome profiling of liver specific miR-122 knockout (miR-122loxP/loxP Alb-Cre) and control (miR-122loxP/loxP) male mice. Expression profile of several hundred mRNAs that include miR-122 targets were altered in miR-122 KO livers. Loss of miR-122 in the germ line resulted in significant changes in hepatic gene expression profile. Among the upregulated genes many are direct targets of miR-122 GSM517838-GSM517847: Liver transcriptome profiling of liver specific miR-122 knockout and control male mice. Total liver RNA from 8 week old five control and five liver-specific miR-122 knock out male mice (C57/BL6J background) GSM791601-GSM791604: Liver transcriptome profiling of germ-line miR-122 knockout and control male mice. Liver RNA from 5 week old control (floxed) and miR-122KO mice were analyzed by mouse whole transcriptome profiling.

2012-03-03 | E-GEOD-20610 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Liver transcriptome profiling of liver specific miR-122 knockout and control male mice

2012-03-03 | GSE20610 | GEO

RAW246.1 cells activation by internalized synthetic miR-122

Project description:Hepatic injury is often accompanied by pulmonary inflammation and tissue damage, but the underneath mechanism is not fully elucidated. Here we identify hepatic miR-122 as a culprit of pulmonary inflammation induced by various liver injuries. Analyses of acute and chronic liver injury mouse models confirm that liver dysfunction can cause pulmonary inflammation and tissue damage. Injured livers release large amounts of miR-122 in a microvesicle-independent manner into the circulation compared to normal livers. Circulating miR-122 is then preferentially transported to mouse lungs and taken up by alveolar macrophages, in which it binds toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and activates inflammatory responses. Depleting plasma miR-122 largely abolishes liver injury-induced pulmonary inflammation and tissue damage. Furthermore, alveolar macrophage activation by miR-122 is blocked by mutating the TLR7-binding UG-rich sequence on miR-122 or knocking out macrophage TLR7. Our findings reveal a novel causative role of hepatic miR-122 in liver injury-induced pulmonary dysfunction.

2018-12-27 | GSE124360 | GEO

Genome-wide analysis of gene expression patterns in the liver tumors of mir-122 knockout mice

Project description:To invesigate the physiological roles of mir-122 in hepatocarcinogenesis, we performed expression profiling of the liver tumors of mir-122 knockout mice and the liver tissues of the control B6/129 mice. Total RNA was extracted from three tumors of mir-122 knockout mice and liver tissues of two control mice of 11 months of age; five tumors of mir-122 knockout mice and the liver tissues of three control mice of 14 months of age. Gene expression was quantified by robust multi-array analysis (RMA) using the Genomic Suite software from Partek.

2012-08-06 | E-GEOD-31453 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Antagonism of microRNA-122 in mice by systemically administered LNA-antimiR

Project description:Antagonism of microRNA-122 in mice by systemically administered LNA-antimiR leads to up-regulation of a large set of predicted target mRNAs in the liver MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is an abundant liver-specific miRNA, implicated in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism as well as hepatitis C viral replication. Here, we report that a systemically administered 16-nt, unconjugated LNA (locked nucleic acid)-antimiR oligonucleotide complementary to the 5' end of miR-122 leads to specific, dose-dependent silencing of miR-122 and shows no hepatotoxicity in mice. Antagonism of miR-122 is due to formation of stable heteroduplexes between the LNA-antimiR and miR-122 as detected by northern analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated uptake of the LNA-antimiR in mouse liver cells, which was accompanied by markedly reduced hybridization signals for mature miR-122 in treated mice. Functional antagonism of miR-122 was inferred from a low cholesterol phenotype and de-repression within 24 h of 199 liver mRNAs showing significant enrichment for miR-122 seed matches in their 3' UTRs. Expression profiling extended to 3 weeks after the last LNA-antimiR dose revealed that most of the changes in liver gene expression were normalized to saline control levels coinciding with normalized miR-122 and plasma cholesterol levels. Combined, these data suggest that miRNA antagonists comprised of LNA are valuable tools for identifying miRNA targets in vivo and for studying the biological role of miRNAs and miRNA-associated gene-regulatory networks in a physiological context. Keywords: compound treatment

2008-12-16 | GSE13948 | GEO

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