Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Influenza H3N2 infection of the Collaborative Cross founder strains reveals highly divergent host responses and identifies a unique phenotype in CAST/EiJ mice

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Robert Geffers

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-74077 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Influenza A virus is a zoonotic pathogen that poses a major threat to human and animal health. The severe course of influenza infection is not only influenced by viral virulence factors but also by individual differences in the host response. To determine the extent to which the genetic background can modulate severity of an infection, we studied the host responses to influenza infections in the eight genetically highly diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) founder mouse strains.We observed highly divergent host responses between the CC founder strains with respect to survival, body weight loss, hematological parameters in the blood, relative lung weight and viral load. Mouse strain was the main factor with highest effect size on body weight loss after infection, demonstrating that this phenotype was highly heritable. Sex represented another significant main effect, although it was less strong. Analysis of survival rates and mean time to death suggested three groups of susceptibility phenotypes: highly susceptible (A/J, CAST/EiJ, WSB/EiJ), intermediate susceptible (C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvImJ, NOD/ShiLtJ) and highly resistant strains (NZO/HlLtJ, PWK/PhJ). These three susceptibility groups were significantly different with respect to death/survival counts. Viral load was significantly different between susceptible and resistant strains but not between intermediate and highly susceptible strains. CAST/EiJ mice showed a unique phenotype. Despite high viral loads in their lungs, CAST/EiJ mice exhibited low counts of infiltrating granulocytes and showed increased numbers of macrophages in the lung. Histological studies of infected lungs and transcriptome analyses of peripheral blood cells and lungs confirmed an abnormal response in the leukocyte recruitment in CAST/EiJ mice.The eight CC founder strains exhibited a large diversity in their response to influenza infections. Therefore, the CC will represent an ideal mouse genetic reference population to study the influence of genetic variation on the susceptibility and resistance to influenza infections which will be important to understand individual variations of disease severity in humans. The unique phenotype combination in the CAST/EiJ strain resembles human leukocyte adhesion deficiency and may thus represent a new mouse model to understand this and related abnormal immune responses to infections in humans.

Project description:We aimed at systematically inferring the regulatory functions of host lncRNAs in response to influenza A virus (IAV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in the mouse model, using a ‘guilt-by-association’ approach which relies on finding which lncRNAs have similar expression profiles to protein-coding genes of known function. To build a large panel of diverse host responses to viral infection, we took advantage of the genetic diversity present in the 8 founder strains of the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse resource. Extensive pulmonary host-response profiling was performed on mock and viral-infected lungs at 2 and 4 days post-infection using total RNA-Seq. Overall lncRNAs accounted for about 40% of total genes differentially expressed upon infections (5,329 DE lncRNAs). To predict the functions of these lncRNAs, we constructed a co-expression network using the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and identified modules of co-expressed genes. Several lncRNAs were identified as belonging to gene modules associated with viral replication or weight loss, and enriched in various infection-related biological processes such as immune response. In addition, each lncRNA was individually annotated using ranked list of DE genes based on signed correlation with each LncRNA. We predicted that a few lncRNAs may be implicated in more than 50 biological processes or pathways. Finally, we identified the lncRNAs that were positively or negatively correlated with all their neighbors and may have cis enhancer or inhibitor effects. We validated our prediction by examining additional RNASeq dataset of mice treated with IFN-alpha. Altogether, these results provide a broad categorization of lncRNA functions and identify subsets of lncRNAs with potential key roles for respiratory virus pathogenesis. These data are fully accessible through The MOuse NOn-Code Lung database (MONOCLdb) http://monocldb.viromics.washington.edu/ At 2 or 4 days post infection, Collaborative Cross founders mice (n=2-3 for infected conditions, n=2 for mocks) were euthanized and lungs were used for total RNA-Seq.

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Influenza H3N2 infection of the Collaborative Cross founder strains reveals highly divergent host responses and identifies a unique phenotype in CAST/EiJ mice

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