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Transcriptomic responses of copepodid sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) exposed to cypermethrin (BetamaxÂ®)

ABSTRACT: This study investigates transcriptomic responses of Atlantic salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis exposed to cypermethrin, a commonly used antiparasitic agent used in aquaculture. Copepodid L. salmonis were exposed to cypermethrin (BetamaxÂ®) at a concentration of 1.0ppb An in vitro bioassay experiment was conducted using cypermethrin exposures on copepodid (larvae) sea lice (F1 generation) collected from BMA-2a New Brunswick, Canada in 2014. The bioassay exposed copepodids to 1.0 Î¼g/L cypermethrin or a sea water control for 24 hours in glass beakers (VWR) at 12 Â± 1oC. Each condition had a total volume of 500mL with six replicates and approximately 500 lice per beaker. After 24 hours, pools of ~500 copepodids were flash frozen for RNA extractions. Post 24-hours, lice were assessed for survival similarly to the technique used for staging and enumeratio first

ORGANISM(S): Lepeophtheirus salmonis

SUBMITTER: Ben Koop

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-76555 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Sex-Biased Gene Expression and Sequence Conservation in Pacific and Atlantic Salmon Lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)

Project description:This study investigates sex-biased gene expression between populations of Atlantic and Pacific salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Two Atlantic L. salmonis populations were previously used for an array study (GSE56024) while a third dataset using Pacific L. salmonis was novel. Using all three populations, a consensus-based, meta-analysis approach was used to identify sex-biased and sex-specific genes. Two separate experiments were conducted, one for Atlantic and one for Pacific salmon lice. As the Atlantic data has been previously published for other comparisons (GSE56024), only the Pacific data is uploaded here. Lice from three populations (2 in the Atlantic and 1 in the Pacific) were collected for in vitro bioassay analysis using emamectin benzoate. After 24hrs, lice were collected as per treatment protocol below. Males and females from all populations were compared separately before forming a consensus probe list of sex-biased genes concordantly expressed across all three populations. Please note that each raw data file contains three or four 'block' data and each block data correspond to individual sample raw data. Therefore, each raw data file contains raw data for 3-4 samples (as indicated in the description field).

2016-06-01 | E-GEOD-73734 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptomic responses to emamectin benzoate in Pacific and Atlantic Canada salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis with differing levels of drug resistance

Project description:This study investigates the baseline or inducible differences in between populations of Atlantic salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis with differing levels of resistance to the parasiticidal drug emamectin benzoate (EMB), as well as the induced effects of EMB exposure to Pacific salmon lice. F1 generation lice were exposed in bioassays to a dilution series of emamectin benzoate. Two separate experiments were conducted, one for Atlantic and one for Pacific salmon lice (to be analyzed separately). Atlantic pre-adult salmon lice, separated into male and female, and sensitive or resistant to EMB populations, and exposed to a dilution series: 0 (control), 0.1, 25, 300, and 1000 parts per billion EMB. For each combination four biological replicates were included, except male resistant 25 (n = 3) and female resistant 300 (n = 2). Pacific pre-adult lice of both sexes were exposed to a dilution series: 0 (control), 25, 50 parts per billion EMB.

2014-11-17 | E-GEOD-56024 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Institute of Aquaculture Lepeophtheirus salmonis constitutive gene expression analysis

Project description:Caligid copepods, also called sea lice, are common ectoparasites of wild and farmed marine fish. The salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (KrM-xyer, 1837) has emerged as a serious problem for salmon farming in the Northern hemisphere. The annual cost of sea lice to the global salmon mariculture industry has been estimated at M-^@300 million, of which the majority accounts for the cost of chemically treating the farmed salmon. The treatments available for salmonids with sea lice infestation have been limited with a large scale reliance on single products and the use of antiparasitics with similar modes of action, which when used over a long period of time can enhance the selection pressure for reduced sensitivity. Two L. salmonis laboratory strains, established from field isolates and differing in susceptibility to emamectin benzoate (EMB) were studied using a custom sea louse 15K oligonucleotide microarray and RT-qPCR. The aim of the present study was to identify differential expression of transcripts between these two strains to identify potential constitutive gene expression changes associated with reduced susceptibility to EMB. Adult male salmon lice were sampled without exposure to antiparasitic agents for the purpose of studying gene expression from unchallenged individuals. In this study changes in expression of Glutamate-gated Chloride channel (GluCl) subunits, considered the major target site for avermectin (AVM) drugs in invertebrates, was not observed, but expression changes were seen for alternative ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) subunits that form an ion channels shown to interact with AVMs in vertebrates, but which is not traditionally considered to be a target site for AVMs in invertebrates. We hypothesise that these LGIC subunits represent additional EMB target sites in salmon lice, and that the down-regulation of these channel subunits in this EMB-resistant strain is related to the resistance phenotype.

2013-11-06 | E-MTAB-1484 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Institute of Aquaculture Lepeophtheirus salmonis analysis of gene expression induced by in vitro exposure to emamectin benzoate

Project description:Caligid copepods, also called sea lice, are common ectoparasites of wild and farmed marine fish. The salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (KrM-xyer, 1837) has emerged as a serious problem for salmon farming in the Northern hemisphere. The annual cost of sea lice to the global salmon mariculture industry has been estimated at M-^@300 million, of which the majority accounts for the cost of chemically treating the farmed salmon. The treatments available for salmonids with sea lice infestation have been limited with a large scale reliance on single products and the use of antiparasitics with similar modes of action, which when used over a long period of time can enhance the selection pressure for reduced sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to identify transcripts whose expression correlated to emamectin benzoate (EMB) susceptibility, or those genes regulated in response to EMB exposure. Two L. salmonis laboratory strains, established from field isolates and differing in susceptibility to EMB were studied using a custom sea louse 15K oligonucleotide microarray and RT-qPCR. Adult male sea lice were sampled from both strains after 1 and 3 hours of aqueous exposure to 0.2 M-5g mL-1 emamectin benzoate, 0.01% PEG300 or sea water. Bioinformatic analysis identified that in the absence of drug treatment, a large number of genes were significantly down regulated in the louse strain hyposensitive to EMB. EMB exposure had marked effects on gene expression in the EMB susceptible strain, but caused little changes in EMB hyposensitive lice. We therefore suggest that transcriptional responses induced by EMB exposure may not be responsible for reduced susceptibility to this antiparasitic compound, but may involve genes that are constitutively expressed in EMB tolerant salmon louse strains.

2013-11-06 | E-MTAB-1478 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptomics of coping strategies in free-swimming Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda)

Project description:To understand the sensitivity of larval lice to changing environmental parameters we applied a 38K oligo microarray and characterized transcriptome responses after 24 hour exposures to reduced salinity (30-10 parts per thousand (ppt)) or varied temperature (16-4M-BM-:C). To further characterize the effects of salinity, we profiled expression changes over a range of seawater with single increment differences (30-25 ppt). Three separate projects. Low resolution salinity (aka wide range or LR_SAL) contains 2 duplicate experiments, each with pools of lice (~500 copepodid lice per beaker; n=3 beakers per condition), incubated for 24 hr at 10M-BM-:C diluted to 30, 25, 20, or 10 parts per thousand (ppt). Temperature study conducted as above, but with a constant salinity of 30 ppt and changed temperature of 4, 10, or 16M-BM-:C. High resolution salinity conducted as above, but with no experiment replication, but with biological repication of n=6 beakers per condition, and with a range of 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 ppt salinity. Please note that each experiment was normalized separately.

2012-05-18 | E-GEOD-37976 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Responses to ectoparasite salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in Atlantic salmon

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE26981: Responses to ectoparasite salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in skin of Atlantic salmon GSE26984: Responses to ectoparasite salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in spleen of Atlantic salmon Refer to individual Series

2011-02-03 | E-GEOD-27013 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Responses to ectoparasite salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in spleen of Atlantic salmon

Project description:Gene expression profiling revealed rapid activation of immunity, both local and systemic, which however did not provide protection of fish against the parasite. Major changes of transcriptome responses wwere observed between days 5 and 10 Atlantic salmon was challenged with L. salmonis at the copepod stage. Skin, spleen, and head kidney were sampled from challenged and control fish at 1, 3, 5 dpi (corresponding to the copepod stage); 10 and 15 dpi (chalimus stage). A total of forty samples of spleen and skin form infected salmon (4 individuals from the 5 time points) were used for microarray analyses.. Test samples were labeled with Cy5 and hybridized to pooled control samples labeled with Cy3 from the same time-points. Competitive hybridization to the arrays was followed by washing, scanning, image analysis, and data analysis. Selected genes were analyzed with RT-qPCR.

2011-02-03 | E-GEOD-26984 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Responses to ectoparasite salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in skin of Atlantic salmon

2011-02-03 | E-GEOD-26981 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression profiling of five salmon louse tissues using microarray

Project description:We have utilized a microarray containing 11,100 salmon louse genes to study the gene expression patterns in selected salmon louse tissues: brain (neuronal and gland enriched tissue), subcuticular tissue, gut, ovary, and testis of adult louse.

2012-12-01 | E-MTAB-1339 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Keratinocytes Drive the Epithelial Hyperplasia Key to Sea Lice Resistance in Coho Salmon

Project description:Background: Salmonid species have followed markedly divergent evolutionary trajectories in their interactions with sea lice. While sea lice parasitism poses significant economic, environmental, and animal welfare challenges for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture, coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) exhibit near-complete resistance to sea lice, achieved through a potent epithelial hyperplasia response leading to rapid louse detachment. The molecular mechanisms underlying these divergent responses to sea lice are unknown. Results: We characterised the cellular and molecular responses of Atlantic salmon and coho salmon to sea lice using single-nuclei RNA sequencing. Juvenile fish were exposed to copepodid sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), and lice-attached pelvic fin and skin samples were collected 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, and 60h after exposure, along with control samples. Comparative analysis of control and treatment samples revealed an immune and wound-healing response that was common to both species, but attenuated in Atlantic salmon, potentially reflecting greater sea louse immunomodulation. Our results revealed unique but complementary roles of three layers of keratinocytes in the epithelial hyperplasia response leading to rapid sea lice rejection in coho salmon. Our results suggest that basal keratinocytes direct the expansion and mobility of intermediate and, especially, superficial keratinocytes, which eventually encapsulate the parasite. Conclusions: Our results highlight the key role of keratinocytes in coho salmon’s sea lice resistance, and the diverged biological response of the two salmonid host species when interacting with this parasite. This study has identified key pathways and candidate genes that could be manipulated using various biotechnological solutions to improve Atlantic salmon sea lice resistance.

2024-06-24 | GSE269132 | GEO

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