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Auxin signaling in the epidermis regulates stem growth via interactions with the brassinosteroid pathway

ABSTRACT: Growth of a complex multicellular organism requires coordinated changes in diverse cell types. These cellular changes generate organs of the correct size, shape and functionality. During plant development, the growth hormone auxin induces stem elongation; however, which cell types of the stem perceive the auxin signal and contribute to organ growth is poorly understood. Here, we show that auxin signalling is required in many cell types for correct hypocotyl stem growth, with a key role for the epidermis. Combining genetic manipulations in Arabidopsis thaliana with transcriptional profiling of the hypocotyl epidermis from Brassica rapa, we show that auxin functions in the epidermis in part by inducing activity of the locally-acting, growth-promoting brassinosteroid pathway. Our findings clarify cell-specific auxin function in the hypocotyl, and highlight the complexity of cell-type interactions within a growing organ. We performed whole-genome transcriptome (mRNA-Seq) on 5 d-old W light-grown Arabidopsis thaliana plants (CER6pro>>axr3-1::mCit experimental plants and UAS::axr3-1::mCit hemizygous control plants; whole-seedling tissue) treated for 4 h W light or low R:FR shade. In addition, we performed mRNA-Seq on 4 d-old Brassica rapa plants (FPsc strain) treated for 9 h W light or shade. Brassica tissues collected were hypocotyl epidermal peels or whole hypocotyls.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

SUBMITTER: Carl Procko

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-79881 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Auxin signaling in the epidermis regulates stem growth via interactions with the brassinosteroid pathway

Project description:Growth of a complex multicellular organism requires coordinated changes in diverse cell types. These cellular changes generate organs of the correct size, shape and functionality. During plant development, the growth hormone auxin induces stem elongation; however, which cell types of the stem perceive the auxin signal and contribute to organ growth is poorly understood. Here, we show that auxin signalling is required in many cell types for correct hypocotyl stem growth, with a key role for the epidermis. Combining genetic manipulations in Arabidopsis thaliana with transcriptional profiling of the hypocotyl epidermis from Brassica rapa, we show that auxin functions in the epidermis in part by inducing activity of the locally-acting, growth-promoting brassinosteroid pathway. Our findings clarify cell-specific auxin function in the hypocotyl, and highlight the complexity of cell-type interactions within a growing organ.

2016-06-30 | GSE79881 | GEO

PIF7 is the master regulator of thermomorphogenesis in shade [ChIP-seq]

Project description:The size and shape of plant organs are highly responsive to environmental conditions. The plant's embryonic stem, or hypocotyl, displays phenotypic plasticity, in response to light and temperature. The, hypocotyl of shade avoiding species elongate to outcompete neighbouring plants and secure access to sunlight. Similar elongation occurs in high temperature. PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) family transcription are known to be importenet players in these responses. However, it is poorly understood how environmental light and temperature interact to affect plants development. We found that low R/FR combined with warm temperature produces a synergistic hypocotyl growth response that dependent on PIF7 and the hormone auxin. We demonstrate that additional, unknown factor/s must be working downstream of the phyB-PIF-auxin module. As shade responses are known to affect yield, susceptibility to pathogens, and fruit quality in many species, our findings will improve the predictions of how plants will respond to increased ambient temperatures when grown at high density, a condition in which mutual shading occurs.

2022-07-26 | GSE205208 | GEO

Spatiotemporal analysis of shade-induced transcriptional reprogramming in Arabidopsis reveals patterns underlying organ-specific growth

Project description:In response to neighbor proximity plants increase growth of specific organs (e.g. hypocotyl) to enhance access to sunlight. Shade enhances the activity of Phytochrome Interacting Factors (PIFs) by releasing those bHLH transcription factors from phytochrome B-mediated inhibition. PIFs promote elongation by inducing auxin production in cotyledons. In order to elucidate spatiotemporal aspects of the neighbor proximity response, we analyzed changes in transcript abundance at different time points during a shade treatment in dissected cotyledons and hypocotyls. We concentrated our analysis on these two organs because the former is considered as the primary shade-sensing organ while elongation is rapidly triggered in the hypocotyl. We conclude that PIFs initiate transcriptional reprogramming in both organs within 15 minutes comprising regulated expression of several early auxin response genes. This suggests that hypocotyl growth is elicited by both local and distal auxin signals. With time the transcriptional response diverges increasingly between organs. We identify genes whose differential expression may underlie organ-specific elongation. Finally, we uncover a growth promotion gene expression signature shared between responses to different environments and organs.

2017-01-17 | GSE81202 | GEO

Hypocotyl and cotyledon transcriptome in Arabidopsis thaliana treated with 1 ppm ethylene and shade (low PAR, low blue and low R:FR)

Project description:Plants have evolved shoot elongation mechanisms to escape from diverse environmental stresses such as flooding and vegetative shade. The apparent similarity in growth responses suggests possible convergence of the signalling pathways. Shoot elongation is mediated by passive ethylene accumulating in flooded plant organs and by changes in light quality and quantity under vegetation shade. Here we study hypocotyl elongation as a proxy for shoot elongation and delineated Arabidopsis hypocotyl length kinetics in response to ethylene and shade. Based on these kinetics, we further investigated ethylene and shade-induced genome-wide gene expression changes in hypocotyls and cotyledons separately. Both treatments induced a more extensive transcriptome reconfiguration in the hypocotyls compared to the cotyledons. Bioinformatics analyses suggested contrasting regulation of growth promotion- and photosynthesis-related genes. These analyses also suggested an induction of auxin, brassinosteroid and gibberellin signatures and the involvement of several candidate regulators in the elongating hypocotyls. Pharmacological and mutant analyses confirmed the functional involvement of several of these candidate genes and physiological control points in regulating stress-escape responses to different environmental stimuli. We discuss how these signaling networks might be integrated and conclude that plants, when facing different stresses, utilise a conserved set of transcriptionally regulated genes to modulate and fine tune growth. 1 day old Arabidopsis seedlings were subjected to control, ethylene and shade conditions. Hypocotyl and cotyledon tissues were harvested at 1.5 h, 13.5 h and 25.5 h of treatment time respectively. Microarray hybridization was carried out with 3 biological replicates (collected over 3 independent experiments) of each sample using the Affymetrix Arabidopsis Gene 1.1 ST platform.

2016-06-10 | E-GEOD-83212 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Hypocotyl and cotyledon transcriptome in Arabidopsis thaliana treated with 1 ppm ethylene and shade (low PAR, low blue and low R:FR)

2016-06-10 | GSE83212 | GEO

PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 7 and RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING 6 act in shade avoidance memory in Arabidopsis

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2024-07-29 | GSE268785 | GEO

Transcriptome and QTL mapping analyses identifying major QTL genes controlling glucosinolates contents between vegetable-type and oilseed-type Brassica rapa plants

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Gene expression profiling of sav mutants

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2008-04-01 | GSE9816 | GEO

Auxin coreceptor IAA17/AXR3 controls cell elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana root by modulation of auxin and gibberellin perception

Project description:Proper functioning of the nuclear auxin pathway is essential for regulating plant growth and development by maintaining auxin homeostasis. To understand better physiological mechanisms involved in auxin signaling pathways we investigated the localization and effect of accumulation of auxin coreceptor IAA17/AXR3 in root. We demonstrate that the accumulation of stable nuclear AXR3-1 protein interferes with auxin homeostasis, causing auxin insensitivity and increased rapid root cell elongation followed by detained growth. This growth pattern is associated with changes in phytohormone gene expression. Data from transcriptomic screen combined with reporter lines and mutant studies declare essential role of auxin homeostasis in maintaining optimal root growth rate and development. We proposed a model in which rapid cell elongation is caused by combination of AXR3-1-dependent auxin insensitivity associated with unblocked gibberellin effect on root. This study demonstrate that plants coordinate gibberellin homeostasis by the auxin signaling pathway, contributing to avoid excessive root elongation.

2023-04-01 | GSE227820 | GEO

PIF7 is the master regulator of thermomorphogenesis in shade [RNA-seq]

Project description:The size and shape of plant organs are highly responsive to the local environmental conditions. The embryonic stem, or hypocotyl, of the plant is one such organ that displays impressive phenotypic plasticity, and its length is affected by both light and temperature. After sensing surrounding vegetation, hypocotyls of shade avoiding species elongate to outcompete neighbouring plants and secure access to sunlight. A similar elongation response occurs when the plants are grown in high ambient temperatures. Previous studies have shown that this response is mediated by a family of transcription factors called PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs). However, it is poorly understood how environmental light and temperature interact to affect plants at the morphological and molecular levels. Here, we examine the genetic and molecular basis of the response to low R/FR under warm ambient temperatures. We found that low R/FR combined with warm temperature dominantly regulate by PIF7 and exhibit a synergistic effect on hypocotyl growth, greater than either stimulus alone. While the synergistic response was dependent on PIF7 and the plant hormone auxin, we demonstrate that additional, yet unknown key factor/s must be involved, likely working downstream of the phyB-PIF-auxin module. As shade responses are known to affect crop yield and fruit quality in many species, our findings will improve the predictions of how plants will respond to increased ambient temperatures when grown at high density, a condition in which mutual shading occurs. In addition, we point out key factors in this response that can potentially be modulated to minimize the negative effect on yield.

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