Project description:M. quadriceps was dissected from E18.5 mice. For transcriptome analysis, muscle tissue of wild type mice, of mice lacking both miR-1/133a genomic clusters and of mice lacking all miR-1/206/133 miRNA clusters in skeletal muscle were used.
Project description:Gadd45a is a stress-induced protein that causes skeletal muscle atrophy. The goal of these studies was to determine the effects of Gadd45a overexpression on mRNA levels in mouse skeletal muscle. For additional details see Ebert et al, Stress-Induced Skeletal Muscle Gadd45a Expression Reprograms Myonuclei and Causes Muscle Atrophy. JBC epub. June 12, 2012. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles from muscle-specfic ATF4 knockout mice (ATF4 mKO) were transfected with either 20 mg empty plasmid (pcDNA3) (left TA) or 20 mg pCMV-FLAG-Gadd45a (right TA) and harvested 7 days later. mRNA levels in Gadd45a-transfected muscles were normalized to levels in control transfected muscles.
Project description:In response to skeletal muscle injury, adult myogenic stem cells, known as satellite cells, are activated and undergo proliferation and differentiation to regenerate new muscle fibers. The skeletal muscle-specific microRNA, miR-206, is up-regulated in satellite cells following muscle injury, but its role in muscle regeneration has not been defined. Here we show that skeletal muscle regeneration in response to cardiotoxin injury is impaired in mice lacking miR-206. Loss of miR-206 also accelerates and exacerbates the dystrophic phenotype of mdx mice, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. MiR-206 promotes satellite cell differentiation and fusion to form multinucleated myofibers by suppressing a collection of negative regulators of myogenesis. Our findings reveal an essential role for miR-206 in satellite cell differentiation during skeletal muscle regeneration and as a modulator of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. total RNA obtained from TA muscle of mdx and 3 miR-206 KO; mdx mice at 3 months of age.
Project description:Immunoprecipitation of CRK protein followed by mass spectrometry identification of binding partners and mass spectrometry proteomics of control and miR-1/206/133 tKO quadriceps
Project description:To investigate the role of the circadian clock gene Bmal1 in skeletal muscle, we compared the circadian transcriptomes of fast tibialis anterior (TA) and slow soleus (SOL) skeletal muscles from muscle-specific Bmal1 KO (mKO) and their control Cre- littermates (Ctrl). Keyword: Circadian Transcriptome, time course 72 samples were analyzed, comprised of 4 experimental groups (Ctrl SOL, mKO SOL, Ctrl TA, mKO TA), with 3 biological replicates for each time point sampled every 4 hours for 24 hours. SOL and TA muscles were collected from the same animals, as indicated by Source Animal ID data column
Project description:MuRF1 is a muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase and component of the ubiquitin proteasome system. MuRF1 is transcriptionally upregulated under conditions that cause muscle loss, in both rodents and humans, and is a recognized marker of muscle atrophy. In this study, we used in vivo electroporation to determine if MuRF1 overexpression alone can cause muscle atrophy and, in combination with ubiquitin proteomics, identify the endogenous MuRF1 substrates in skeletal muscle. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were transfected with an untagged MuRF1 plasmid or control plasmid for 14 days. A total of 963 ubiquitination sites, corresponding to 250 proteins, were quantified from the TA muscle. Statistical analysis revealed that the overexpression of MuRF1 resulted in significant upregulation of 153 ubiquitination sites on 45 proteins and significant downregulation of 16 sites on 11 proteins. Substrates of MuRF1 include contractile and metabolic proteins, deubiquitinases, p62, and VCP. Moreover, MuRF1-mediated ubiquitination leads to destabilization and breakdown of the sarcomere and reveals a role for MuRF1 in the regulation of additional proteolytic pathways in skeletal muscle.
Project description:Analysis of tibialis anterior (TA) muscle isolated from wildtype (WT) and Mettl21e deletion mice (KO). Results provide unbiased gene expression profile of TA muscle after Mettl21e deletion.
Project description:In response to skeletal muscle injury, adult myogenic stem cells, known as satellite cells, are activated and undergo proliferation and differentiation to regenerate new muscle fibers. The skeletal muscle-specific microRNA, miR-206, is up-regulated in satellite cells following muscle injury, but its role in muscle regeneration has not been defined. Here we show that skeletal muscle regeneration in response to cardiotoxin injury is impaired in mice lacking miR-206. Loss of miR-206 also accelerates and exacerbates the dystrophic phenotype of mdx mice, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. MiR-206 promotes satellite cell differentiation and fusion to form multinucleated myofibers by suppressing a collection of negative regulators of myogenesis. Our findings reveal an essential role for miR-206 in satellite cell differentiation during skeletal muscle regeneration and as a modulator of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Project description:Purpose: To examine and characterize the expression profile of genes expressed at the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of extraocular muscles (EOMs) in comparison to the NMJs of tibialis anterior muscle (TA). Methods: Adult rat rectus EOMs and TAs were dissected, flash-frozen, serially sectioned and stained for acetylcholinesterase to identify NMJs. Approximately 6000 NMJs for EOM (EOMsyn) and 6000 NMJs for TA (TAsyn) and equal amounts of NMJ-free fiber regions (EOMfib, TAfib) and underlying myonuclei were captured using laser capture microdissection (LCM). RNA was isolated, processed and used for microarray-based expression profiling. Profiles were generated for genes differentially expressed at synaptic and non-synaptic regions of TA (TAsyn vs TAfib) and EOM (EOMsyn vs EOMfib) using a false discovery rate (FDR) of 5% as well as an 'interaction list' revealing the most significantly differentially expressed genes at an FDR of 1%. We validated the profiles by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: The regional transcriptomes associated with NMJ of EOMs and TAs were identified. We found 275 genes that were preferentially expressed in EOMsyn and 230 known transcripts that were preferentially expressed in TAsyn; 288 of the transcripts were common to both synapses; these included well-known, evolutionarily conserved, synaptic markers (e.g. nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor (ACHR) alpha and epsilon subunits, nestin) as well as a large number of novel genes. Conclusion: Transcriptome level differences exist between EOM synaptic regions and TA synaptic regions. Our definition of the synaptic transcriptome provides insight into the mechanism of formation and functioning of the unique synapses of EOM and their differential involvement in diseases noted in the EOM allotype. Tissue preparation: A total of 4 rats were killed by CO2 inhalation. The bony orbit was removed from the skull and opened at the lamina cribrosa. The globe with the four recti EOMs still attached was carefully dissected from the bony orbit. The eyeball with muscles was placed on cryomolds, covered with OCT tissue embedding medium (Tissue-Tek: Sakura Finetek, Tokyo, Japan) and flash-frozen in isopentane, cooled in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 degreeC. The tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of all rats were dissected and frozen in the same way. The EOM and TA were then cut transversely into 10 um sections using a Microm HM 500 cryostat (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), mounted on PEN (poly-ethylene-naphthalene) Membrane Slides (Arcturus) and refrozen immediately. Unfixed sections were stored at -80 degreeC until needed. Section staining: Sections for LCM were stained for acetylcholinesterase based on the method of Karnowsky and Roots to visualize NMJ. Palm microdissection: The PALM MicroBeam System was used for microdissection and for catapulting isolated tissue into a microfuge cap containing 80 ul RLT-Lysis Buffer (Quiagen). Approximately 1000 NMJ and equal amount of non-synaptic regions were collected for each muscle.
Project description:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disease caused by deleterious mutations in the DMD gene, rendering non-functional forms or complete absence of the protein dystrophin. Eccentric contraction-induced force loss is the most robust and reproducible phenotype of dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying force loss remain obscure. To this end, we utilized the mdx mouse model of DMD, which displays extreme sensitivity to eccentric contractions. An existing mouse line from our lab that overexpresses cytoplasmic gamma-actin specifically in skeletal muscle (mdx/Actg1-TG) was shown to significantly protect mdx muscle against contraction-induced force loss. To understand the mechanism behind this protection, we performed iTRAQ proteomics on mdx/Actg1-TG tibialis anterior (TA) muscle versus non-transgenic littermate controls to identify differentially-expressed proteins that may afford protection upon gamma-actin overexpression.