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Pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in Southern African populations of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus

ABSTRACT: Transcription profiling of permethrin resistant field mosquito samples of Anopheles funestus from three Southern African populations (Mozambique, Malawi and Zambia) compared to a susceptible lab strain FANG

ORGANISM(S): Anopheles funestus

SUBMITTER: Charles Wondji

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-2216 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Transcription profiling by array of pyrethroid resistance in field populations of Anopheles funestus

Project description:Transcriptome profiling of pyrethroid resistant field populations of Anopheles funestus from Malawi and Mozambique compared to a susceptible lab strain FANG

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Microarray analysis of a pyrethroid resistant African malaria vector, Anopheles funestus, from southern Africa

Project description:Differential expression of detoxification genes in 3 day old adult females and males from the FUMOZ resistant strain and the FANG susceptible strain was identified using the A. gambiae ‘detox chip’.

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Project description:Resistance to pyrethroids, the only insecticide approved for bednets, threatens control of the major malaria vector, Anopheles funestus, in Malawi. To improve the management of such resistance countrywide, it is crucial to understand the dynamics and mechanisms driving resistance in the field. In this study the levels of insecticide resistance were determined across the highly endemic densely populated lake and southern agricultural area. Insecticide resistance to pyrethoids was assessed using standardized WHO bioassay methods and resistant mosquitoes were hybridized to susceptible mosquitoes. This microarray analysis revealed the key role of cytochrome P450 genes such as CYP6P9a, CYP6P9b and CYP6M7. However, a significant shift in the over-expression of these CYP450s was detected across a south/north transect, with CYP6M7 more highly over-transcribed in the two northern collection sites and the tandemly duplicated genes, CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b, more greatly over-transcribed in the south.

2016-02-12 | E-MTAB-3342 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Mapping a quantitative trait locus (QTL) conferring pyrethroid resistance in the African malaria vector Anopheles funestus.

Project description:Pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles funestus populations has led to an increase in malaria transmission in southern Africa. Resistance has been attributed to elevated activities of cytochrome P450s but the molecular basis underlying this metabolic resistance is unknown. Microsatellite and SNP markers were used to construct a linkage map and to detect a quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with pyrethroid resistance in the FUMOZ-R strain of An. funestus from Mozambique.By genotyping 349 F2 individuals from 11 independent families, a single major QTL, rp1, at the telomeric end of chromosome 2R was identified. The rp1 QTL appears to present a major effect since it accounts for more than 60% of the variance in susceptibility to permethrin. This QTL has a strong additive genetic effect with respect to susceptibility. Candidate genes associated with pyrethroid resistance in other species were physically mapped to An. funestus polytene chromosomes. This showed that rp1 is genetically linked to a cluster of CYP6 cytochrome P450 genes located on division 9 of chromosome 2R and confirmed earlier reports that pyrethroid resistance in this strain is not associated with target site mutations (knockdown resistance).We hypothesize that one or more of these CYP6 P450s clustered on chromosome 2R confers pyrethroid resistance in the FUMOZ-R strain of An. funestus.

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De novo transcriptome sequencing in Anopheles funestus using Illumina RNA-seq technology

Project description:We report the use of RNA-seq data to assemble transcriptional units of adult Anopheles funestus female mosquitoes. We also analyzed expression levels and protein divergence and discovered SNPs.

2010-12-01 | GSE21977 | GEO

Population genetics of Anopheles funestus, the African malaria vector, Kenya.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Anopheles funestus is among the major malaria vectors in Kenya and sub-Saharan Africa and has been recently implicated in persistent malaria transmission. However, its ecology and genetic diversity remain poorly understood in Kenya. METHODS:Using 16 microsatellite loci, we examined the genetic structure of An. funestus sampled from 11 locations (n = 426 individuals) across a wide geographical range in Kenya spanning coastal, western and Rift Valley areas. RESULTS:Kenyan An. funestus resolved as three genetically distinct clusters. The largest cluster (FUN1) broadly included samples from western and Rift Valley areas of Kenya with two clusters identified from coastal Kenya (FUN2 and FUN3), not previously reported. Geographical distance had no effect on population differentiation of An. funestus. We found a significant variation in the mean Plasmodium infectivity between the clusters (?2 = 12.1, df = 2, P = 0.002) and proportional to the malaria prevalence in the different risk zones of Kenya. Notably, there was variation in estimated effective population sizes between the clusters, suggesting possible differential impact of anti-vector interventions in represented areas. CONCLUSIONS:Heterogeneity among Kenyan populations of An. funestus will impact malaria vector control with practical implications for the development of gene-drive technologies. The difference in Plasmodium infectivity and effective population size between the clusters could suggest potential variation in phenotypic characteristics relating to competence or insecticide resistance. This is worth examining in future studies.

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