Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

Dataset Information

Barley Systemic Immunity: Dataset Induced challenged

ABSTRACT: Leaf-to-leaf, systemic immune signaling known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is poorly understood in monocotyledonous plants. Here, we characterize systemic immunity in barley (Hordeum vulgare) triggered after primary leaf infection with either Pseudomonas syringae pathovar japonica (Psj) or Xanthomonas translucens pathovar cerealis (Xtc). Both pathogens induced resistance in systemic, uninfected leaves against a subsequent challenge infection with Xtc. In contrast to SAR in Arabidopsis thaliana, systemic immunity in barley was not associated with NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 or the local or systemic accumulation of salicylic acid (SA). Instead, we documented a moderate local but not systemic induction of abscisic acid (ABA) after infection of leaves with Psj. In contrast to SA or its functional analog benzothiadiazole, local applications of the jasmonic acid methyl ester or ABA triggered systemic immunity to Xtc. RNA-seq analysis of local and systemic transcript accumulation revealed unique gene expression changes in response to both Psj and Xtc and a clear separation of local from systemic responses. The systemic response appeared relatively modest and quantitative RT-PCR associated systemic immunity with the local and systemic induction of two WRKY and two ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR-like transcription factors. Systemic immunity against Xtc was further associated with transcriptional changes after a secondary/systemic Xtc challenge infection; these changes were dependent on the primary treatment. Taken together, bacteria-induced systemic immunity in barley may be mediated in part by WRKY and ERF-like transcription factors possibly facilitating transcriptional reprogramming to potentiate immunity.

ORGANISM(S): Hordeum vulgare

SUBMITTER: Manuel Spannagl

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-3056 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Publications

Bacteria-triggered systemic immunity in barley is associated with WRKY and ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTORs but not with salicylic acid.

Dey Sanjukta S Wenig Marion M Langen Gregor G Sharma Sapna S Kugler Karl G KG Knappe Claudia C Hause Bettina B Bichlmeier Marlies M Babaeizad Valiollah V Imani Jafargholi J Janzik Ingar I Stempfl Thomas T Hückelhoven Ralph R Kogel Karl-Heinz KH Mayer Klaus F X KF Vlot A Corina AC

Plant physiology 20141020 4

Leaf-to-leaf systemic immune signaling known as systemic acquired resistance is poorly understood in monocotyledonous plants. Here, we characterize systemic immunity in barley (Hordeum vulgare) triggered after primary leaf infection with either Pseudomonas syringae pathovar japonica (Psj) or Xanthomonas translucens pathovar cerealis (Xtc). Both pathogens induced resistance in systemic, uninfected leaves against a subsequent challenge infection with Xtc. In contrast to systemic acquired resistanc ...[more]

PMID: 25332505

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Project description:In the absence of adaptive immunity displayed by animals, plants respond locally to biotic challenge via inducible basal defense networks activated through recognition and response toconserved pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In addition, immunity can be induced in tissues remote from infection sites via systemic acquired resistance (SAR), initiated following gene-for-gene recognition between plant resistance proteins and microbial effectors.The nature of the mobile signal and remotely activated networks responsible for establishing SAR remain unclear. Here we show that despite the absence of PAMP contact, systemically responding leaves rapidly activate a SAR transcriptional signature with strong similarity to local basal defense. Jasmonates have previously been implicated in systemic signalling in response to wounding and plant herbivory but not SAR. We present several lines of evidence that suggest jasmonates may also be central to SAR. Jasmonic acid (JA) rapidly accumulates in phloem exudates of leaves challenged with an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae. In systemically responding leaves transcripts associated with jasmonate biosynthesis are upregulated and JA increases transiently. SAR can be mimicked by foliar JA application and is abrogated in mutants impaired in jasmonate synthesis or response. We conclude that, jasmonate signalling appears to mediate long-distance information transmission. Moreover, the systemic transcriptional response shares extraordinary overlap with local herbivory and wounding responses, indicating that jasmonates may be central to an evolutionarily conserved signalling network, which decodes multiple abiotic and biotic stress signals. Experimenter name: William Truman; Experimenter phone: +44 (0)1392 263789; Experimenter fax: +44 (0)1392 263434; Experimenter address: School of Biosciences; Experimenter address: Geoffrey Pope Building; Experimenter address: Stocker Road; Experimenter address: Exeter; Experimenter address: Devon; Experimenter zip/postal_code: EX4 4QD; Experimenter country: UK Experiment Overall Design: 9 samples were used in this experiment

Project description:Expression profiles of 22 reference Arabidopsis immunity mutants were collected using the Arabidopsis Pathoarray 464_001 (GPL3638) in order to build a network model predicting the Arabidopsis immune signaling network. Biological signaling processes may be mediated by complex networks in which network components and network sectors interact with each other in complex ways. Studies of complex networks benefit from approaches in which the roles of individual components are considered in the context of the network. The plant immune signaling network, which controls inducible responses to pathogen attack, is such a complex network. Here, we demonstrate that use of mRNA profiling to collect and analyze detailed descriptions of changes in the network state resulting from specific network perturbations is a powerful and economical strategy to elucidate regulatory relationships among the components of a complex signaling network. Specifically, we studied the Arabidopsis immune signaling network upon challenge with a strain of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae expressing the effector protein AvrRpt2 (Pto DC3000 AvrRpt2). This bacterial strain feeds multiple inputs into the signaling network, allowing many parts of the network to be activated at once. mRNA profiles of 22 Arabidopsis immunity mutants and wild type were collected 6 hours after inoculation with the Pto DC3000 AvrRpt2 and used as detailed descriptions of the network states resulting from specific genetic perturbations. Regulatory relationships among the genes corresponding to the mutations were inferred by recursively applying a non-linear dimensionality reduction procedure to the mRNA profile data. The resulting network model accurately predicted 22 of 23 regulatory relationships reported in the literature, suggesting that predictions of novel regulatory relationships are also accurate. The network model revealed two striking features: (i) the components of the network are highly interconnected; (ii) negative regulatory relationships are common between signaling sectors. One case of a novel negative regulatory relationship, between the early microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-activated sector and the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated sector, was further validated. We propose that prevalent negative regulatory relationships among the signaling sectors make the plant immune signaling network a "sector-switching" network, which effectively balances two apparently conflicting demands, robustness against pathogenic perturbations and moderation of negative impacts of immune responses on plant fitness. Keywords: Responses of reference Arabidopsis immunity mutants to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 carrying avrRpt2 This experiment consists of two (group00) or three (group01-04) biological replicates of each genotype (total 25 genotypes [3 are multiple mutants, which were removed for the network modeling, but were used for normalization]). For each genotype, two leaves per plant were pooled from three pots to prepare total RNA.

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Dataset Information

Barley Systemic Immunity: Dataset Induced challenged

Publications

Bacteria-triggered systemic immunity in barley is associated with WRKY and ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTORs but not with salicylic acid.

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