Project description:The vertebrate heart is the first organ to form in the embryo and is composed of mesodermal progenitors that arise in an area termed the cardiac crescent. These give rise not only to muscle cells but also to a variety of other cell types, all of which work together to allow the heart to beat rhythmically. Current understanding of when and how these different cell types arise during early cardiogenesis is limited. Therefore, we microdissected the cardiac crescent region of mouse embryos at different stages of development -from when the structure is first present until the linear heart tube (LHT) stage- and performed single-cell RNA-sequencing. The present submission contains pilot data from the LHT.
Project description:The purpose of this experiment is to test the effect of culture time and on liver slices. We generated liver slices from saltwater-stage Atlantic salmon and cultured them over a period of nine days. Samples were taken before slicing and 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 days after slicing. After three days, half of the samples were treated with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) complexed with methyl-beta cyclodextrin (BCD) and the rest received a control treatment of empty BCD.
Project description:This experiment is designed to test the effect of culture time, media change regime, and insulin on liver slices. Samples were taken before slicing and 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 days after slicing. Samples had media changed either every day or every three days and insulin was included in the media at 20nM concentration.
Project description:This experiment was designed to test the effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and insulin on liver slices prepared from Atlantic salmon. Liver slices were incubated with increasing concentrations of ALA and insulin from 20µM to 100µM and 10nM to 100nM, respectively. RNA was subsequently sequenced and response was evaluated and compared to the expected response from Atlantic salmon feeding trials. The purpose of this was to evaluate liver slice culture as a cell culture system for studying lipid metabolism in Atlantic salmon.
Project description:Underdeveloped lungs are a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants, but our ability to help these patients by speeding up lung development are hindered by a lack of understanding of human lung developmental biology. Here, we performed single cell RNA sequencing of the human fetal lung from samples spanning from 11.5 weeks gestation to 21 weeks gestation from the distal lung, middle airways, and the tracheal epithelium. The primary goal of this experiment was to define fetal cell states to serve as a gold standard for pluripotent stem cell-derived lung cells and tissues, and to identify potential signaling pathways that drive differentiation of lung progenitor cells to mature cell types. Additionally, we generated bud tip progenitor organoids from 12 week human fetal lung bud tip progenitors. We show that treatment of bud tip progenitor organoids with a short pulse of dual SMAD activation (BMP4+TGFb1) led to the upregulation of lung basal cell markers, a cell type that serves as a critical stem cell for the adult airway, and that further treatment with dual SMAD inhibition leads to the generation of airway-like organoids containing differentiated cell types of the adult airway, including basal stem cells.
Project description:Here, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile intestinal epithelial only organoids (also known as enteroids) from human fetal duodenum after one passage of in vitro growth. Organoids were grown in the standard 25% LWRN media with either 100 ng/ml of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or 1 ng/ml of EPIREGULIN (EREG) added.
Project description:Syncytial skeletal muscle cells contain hundreds of nuclei in a shared cytoplasm. Using single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNAseq) of isolated nuclei from muscle fibers, we investigated nuclear heterogeneity and transcriptional dynamics in uninjured and regenerating muscle.
Project description:Modified nucleotides in non-coding RNAs, such as tRNAs and snRNAs, represent an important layer of gene expression regulation through their ability to fine-tune mRNA maturation and transla-tion. Growing evidences support important roles of tRNA/snRNAs modifications and hence the enzymes that install them, in eukaryotic cell development and their dysregulation has been linked to various human pathologies including neurodevelopmental disorders and cancers. Human TRMT112 (Trm112 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) functions as an allosteric regulator of several methyltransfer-ases (MTases) targeting molecules (tRNAs, rRNAs and proteins) involved in protein synthesis. Here, we have investigated the interaction network of human TRMT112 in intact cells and identify three poorly characterized putative MTases (TRMT11, THUMPD3 and THUMD2) as direct part-ners. We demonstrate that these three proteins are active N2-methylguanosine (m2G) MTases and that TRMT11 and THUMPD3 methylate positions 10 and 6 of tRNAs, respectively. In contrast, we discovered that THUMPD2 directly associates with the U6 snRNA and is required for the for-mation of m2G in this core component of the catalytic spliceosome. Consistently, our data reveal the combined importance of TRMT11 and THUMPD3 for optimal protein synthesis and cancer cell proliferation as well as a role for THUMPD2 in fine-tuning pre-mRNA splicing.
Project description:Dermal fibroblasts from human, rhesus macaque, mouse and rat, stimulated with dsRNA (poly I:C) in a time course of 0,4 and 8 hours, profiled using the Smart-seq2 protocol.<br>The innate immune response - the expression programme that is initiated once a pathogen is sensed - is known to be variable among responding cells, as well as to rapidly evolve in the course of mammal evolution. To study the transcriptional divergence and cell-to-cell variability of this response, we stimulated dermal fibroblast cells from two primates (human and macaque) and two rodents (mouse and rat) with dsRNA - a mimic of viral RNA that elicits a rapid innate immune response. Subsequently, we profiled the response using bulk RNA-seq, scRNA-seq and ChIP-seq across the four species and across different time points.
Project description:Renal endothelial cells (RECs) from glomerular cortical and medullary kidney compartments are exposed to different microenvironmental conditions. Upon dehydration medullary RECs (mRECs) are exposed to extreme hyperosmolarity. However the heterogeneous phenotypes of RECs remain in-completely inventoried and how mRECs respond to dehydration is unknown. By single cell RNA-sequencing of >40000 RECs we identified 24 (including 8 novel) REC phenotypes highlighting extensive heterogeneity of RECs between and within the cortex glomeruli and medulla. In response to dehydration mRECs upregulated primarily the expression of genes involved in the hypoxia response glycolysis and surprisingly oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In vitro mRECs increased oxygen consumption in response to hyperosmolarity presumably to sustain ATP production for Na+/K+ ATPase pump-mediated salt excretion and to generate metabolic water during OXPHOS in order to counteract mREC hyperosmolarity unveiling a previously underappreciated role of OXPHOS. Overall RECs exhibit extensive heterogeneity and plasticity to adapt their metabolic transcriptome to overcome dehydration.