Dataset Information

Melatonin Supplementation during the Late Gestational Stage Enhances Reproductive Performance of Sows by Regulating Fluid Shear Stress and Improving Placental Antioxidant Capacity.

ABSTRACT: In this study, the effects of daily melatonin supplementation (2 mg/kg) at the late gestational stage on the reproductive performance of the sows have been investigated. This treatment potentially increased the litter size and birth survival rate and significantly increased the birth weight as well as the weaning weight and survival rate of piglets compared to the controls. The mechanistic studies have found that these beneficial effects of melatonin are not mediated by the alterations of reproductive hormones of estrogen and progesterone, nor did the glucose and lipid metabolisms, but they were the results of the reduced oxidative stress in placenta associated with melatonin supplementation. Indeed, the melatonergic system, including mRNAs and proteins of AANAT, MTNR1A and MTNR1B, has been identified in the placenta of the sows. The RNA sequencing of placental tissue and KEGG analysis showed that melatonin activated the placental tissue fluid shear stress pathway to stimulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which upregulated its several downstream antioxidant genes, including MGST1, GSTM3 and GSTA4, therefore, suppressing the placental oxidative stress. All these actions may be mediated by the melatonin receptor of MTNR1B.

SUBMITTER: Wang L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10045541 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Melatonin Supplementation during the Late Gestational Stage Enhances Reproductive Performance of Sows by Regulating Fluid Shear Stress and Improving Placental Antioxidant Capacity.

Wang Likai L Yan Laiqing L Han Qi Q Li Guangdong G Wu Hao H Ma Xiao X Zhao Mengmeng M Ma Wenkui W Ji Pengyun P Zhang Ran R Liu Guoshi G

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 20230310 3

In this study, the effects of daily melatonin supplementation (2 mg/kg) at the late gestational stage on the reproductive performance of the sows have been investigated. This treatment potentially increased the litter size and birth survival rate and significantly increased the birth weight as well as the weaning weight and survival rate of piglets compared to the controls. The mechanistic studies have found that these beneficial effects of melatonin are not mediated by the alterations of reprod ...[more]

PMID: 36978937

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Project description:Although n-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has been shown to efficiently alleviate oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and alter gut microbiota, little attention has been focused on their interactions with placental metabolic status of sows. The effects of NAC on the placental redox status, function, inflammasome, and fecal microbiota in sows were explored to clarify the correlation between the fecal microbiota and placenta. Sows were divided into either the control group or the NAC group which received dietary 0.5% NAC supplementation from day 85 of gestation to delivery. Plasma redox status, placental growth factors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, fecal microbial metabolites, and communities were evaluated. Compared with the control group, although NAC did not ameliorate reproductive performance of sows (P > 0.05), it significantly improved maternal-placental health, which was accompanied by increased activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), decreased level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and lowered expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome (P < 0.05). Additionally, NAC significantly increased placental insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and E-cadherin contents (P < 0.05), elevated the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis and amino acids transporters (P < 0.05), and decreased the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B) and Beclin-1 protein expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, NAC increased the relative abundances of fecal Prevotella, Clostridium cluster XIVa, and Roseburial/Eubacterium rectale (P < 0.05), which were negatively correlated with placental NLRP3 and positively with solute carrier family 7, member 8 (Slc7a8; P < 0.05). In conclusion, NAC supplementation during late gestation alleviated maternal-placental oxidative stress and inflammatory response, improved placental function, and altered fecal microbial communities.

Project description:This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of L-arginine supplementation levels during late gestation on reproductive performance and piglet uniformity in high prolific sows. A total of 60 F1 multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace), with an average body weight of 238.2 kg, were allotted to one of three treatment groups in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were divided by the supplementation level of arginine during the late-gestation period, from day 70 to farrowing, as follows-(1) CON: corn-soybean meal-based basal diet (Arg 0.72%), (2) Arg10: basal diet + L-Arg 0.28% (Arg 1.0%), and (3) Arg15: basal diet + L-Arg 0.79% (Arg 1.5%). The same lactation diet was provided ad libitum to sows during the lactation period. There were no significant differences in body weight and backfat thickness in sows during late-gestation and lactation. Dietary arginine levels had no significant influences on the number of total born, stillbirth, and born alive. However, increasing inclusion level of L-arginine supplementation tended to increase (p < 0.10) alive litter weight linearly, and also linearly increased (p < 0.05) the piglet weight gain and litter weight gain during the lactation period. In piglet uniformity, the standard deviation of piglet birth weight (p < 0.05) and the coefficient of variation for piglet birth weight (p < 0.10) increased linearly, as dietary arginine levels increased in the late gestation period. Increasing L-arginine supplementation to late gestating sows linearly increased (p < 0.05) the blood concentrations of arginine and ornithine at day 90 and day 110 of gestation. On the other hand, dietary arginine levels in late gestation did not affect the blood parameters related to the nitrogen utilization. Increasing dietary arginine levels for the late gestating sows did not affect the milk composition for colostrum and milk at day 21 of lactation. In conclusion, the inclusion level of arginine in the diet for late gestating sows, by up to 1.5%, could improve the alive litter weight at birth and litter weight gain during lactation, whereas the piglet uniformity at birth was decreased due to the increase of survival for fetuses with light birth weight.

Project description:BackgroundPrevious evidence suggests that methionine (Met) consumption can promote placental angiogenesis and improve fetal survival. To investigate the mechanisms by which increased levels of Met as hydroxyl-Met (OHMet) improve placental function, forty sows were divided into four groups and fed either a control diet, or diets supplemented with 0.15% OHMet, 0.3% OHMet or 0.3% Met (n = 10). Placentas were collected immediately after expulsion, and extracted proteins were analyzed by tandem mass tag based quantitative proteomic analysis.ResultsWe found that 0.15% OHMet consumption significantly increased placental vascular density compared with the control. Proteomic analysis identified 5,136 proteins, 87 of these were differentially expressed (P < 0.05, |fold change| > 1.2). Enriched pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes for 0.15% OHMet vs. control and 0.15% OHMet vs. 0.3% OHMet were glutathione metabolism; for 0.15% OHMet vs. 0.3% Met, they were NOD-like receptor signaling and apoptosis. Further analysis revealed that 0.15% OHMet supplementation upregulated the protein expression of glutathione-S-transferase (GSTT1) in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the control and 0.3% OHMet groups, upregulated thioredoxin (TXN) in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the 0.3% OHMet and 0.3% Met groups, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in trophoblast cells compared with other groups. In contrast, sows fed 0.3% OHMet or 0.3% Met diets increased placental interleukin 1β levels compared with the control, and upregulated the protein expression of complex I-B9 (NDUFA3) compared with the 0.15% OHMet group. Furthermore, homocysteine, an intermediate in the trans-sulphuration pathway of Met, damaged placental function by inhibiting the protein expression of TXN, leading to apoptosis and ROS production.ConclusionAlthough dietary 0.15% OHMet supplementation improved placental angiogenesis and increased antioxidative capacity, 0.3% OHMet or 0.3% Met supplementation impaired placental function by aggravating inflammation and oxidative stress, which is associated with cumulative homocysteine levels.

Dataset Information

Melatonin Supplementation during the Late Gestational Stage Enhances Reproductive Performance of Sows by Regulating Fluid Shear Stress and Improving Placental Antioxidant Capacity.

Publications

Melatonin Supplementation during the Late Gestational Stage Enhances Reproductive Performance of Sows by Regulating Fluid Shear Stress and Improving Placental Antioxidant Capacity.

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