Dataset Information

COVID-19 related risk factors and their association with non-syndromic orofacial clefts in five Arab countries: a case-control study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The environmental etiology of non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) is still under research. The aim of this case-control study is to assess COVID-19 associated factors that may be related to the risk of NSOFC in five Arab countries. These factors include COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 symptoms, family member or friends infected with COVID-19, stress, smoking, socioeconomic status and fear of COVID-19.

Methods

The study took place in governmental hospitals in five Arab countries from November 2020 to November 2021. Controls are matched in the month of delivery and site of recruitment. A clinical examination was carried out using LASHAL classification. Maternal exposure to medication, illnesses, supplementation, COVID-19 infection during their pregestation and 1st trimester periods were evaluated using a validated questionnaire. Maternal exposure to stress was assessed using the Life Events scale, fear of covid-19 scale, family member or friend affected with covid-19 infection, pregnancy planning and threatened abortion.

Results

The study recruited 1135 infants (386 NSOFC and 749 controls). Living in urban areas, maternal exposure to medications 3-months pregestation, maternal exposure to any of the prenatal life events and maternal fear of COVID-19 significantly increased the risk of having a child with NSOFC. On the other hand, mothers exposed to supplementation 3-months pregestation, mothers suspected of having COVID-19 infection, family members or friends testing positive with COVID-19 significantly decreased the risk of having a child with NSOFC.

Conclusions

This study suggests that NSOFC may be associated with maternal exposure to lifetime stress and COVID-19 fear in particular, with no direct effect of the COVID-19 infection itself. This highlights the importance of providing psychological support for expecting mothers during stressful events that affect populations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to the usual antenatal care.

SUBMITTER: Sabbagh HJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10141804 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

COVID-19 related risk factors and their association with non-syndromic orofacial clefts in five Arab countries: a case-control study.

Sabbagh Heba Jafar HJ Alamoudi Rana A RA Zeinalddin Mohammad M Al Bulushi Taimoor T Al-Batayneh Ola B OB AboulHassan Mamdouh A MA Koraitim Mohamed M Quritum Maryam M Almuqbali Buthaina B Alghamdi Sultan Musaad SM Refahee Shaimaa Mohsen SM Alkharafi Lateefa L Taqi Fatemah Fahad FF Albassam Bader B Ayed Mariam M Embaireeg Alia A Alnahdi Raqiya R AlSharif Mona Talal MT Abdulhameed Fatma Dawood FD Aljohar Aziza Johar AJ Alrejaye Najla Sulaiman NS Almalik Manal Ibrahim MI Viswapurna P S PS Al Halasa Tamara T El Tantawi Maha M

BMC oral health 20230428 1

<h4>Background</h4>The environmental etiology of non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) is still under research. The aim of this case-control study is to assess COVID-19 associated factors that may be related to the risk of NSOFC in five Arab countries. These factors include COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 symptoms, family member or friends infected with COVID-19, stress, smoking, socioeconomic status and fear of COVID-19.<h4>Methods</h4>The study took place in governmental hospitals in five Arab ...[more]

PMID: 37118740

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Project description:IntroductionThe higher rate of neuropsychiatric disorders in individuals with non-syndromic orofacial clefts has been well documented by previous studies. Our goal was to identify children with non-syndromic orofacial clefts that are at risk for abnormal neurodevelopment by assessing their developmental history and present cognitive functioning.Materials and methodsA single-center, case-controlled study was carried out at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Pécs in Hungary. The study consisted of three phases including questionnaires to collect retrospective clinical data and psychometric tools to assess IQ and executive functioning.ResultsForty children with non-syndromic oral clefts and 44 age-matched controls participated in the study. Apgar score at 5 min was lower for the cleft group, in addition to delays observed for potty-training and speech development. Psychiatric disorders were more common in the cleft group (15%) than in controls (4.5%), although not statistically significant with small effect size. The cleft group scored lower on the Continuous Performance Test. Subgroup analysis revealed significant associations between higher parental socio-economic status, academic, and cognitive performance in children with non-syndromic orofacial clefts. Analyzes additionally revealed significant associations between early speech and language interventions and higher scores on the Verbal Comprehension Index of the WISC-IV in these children.DiscussionChildren with non-syndromic orofacial clefts seem to be at risk for deficits involving the attention domain of the executive system. These children additionally present with difficulties that affect cognitive and speech development. Children with non-syndromic orofacial clefts show significant skill development and present with similar cognitive strengths as their peers. Longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are needed to provide more conclusive evidence on cognitive deficits in children with non-syndromic orofacial clefts at risk for neurodevelopmental difficulties.

Dataset Information

COVID-19 related risk factors and their association with non-syndromic orofacial clefts in five Arab countries: a case-control study.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

COVID-19 related risk factors and their association with non-syndromic orofacial clefts in five Arab countries: a case-control study.

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