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The development of ZnO nanoparticle-embedded graphitic-carbon nitride towards triple-negative breast cancer therapy.

ABSTRACT: The present study deals with the effects of curcumin-loaded ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in graphitic-carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) sheets for breast cancer cells. The synthesis of these sheets was carried out by a simple co-precipitation method. The physicochemical and thermal properties of the composite sheets were studied using various characterization techniques. The powder X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite phase of the ZnO nanoparticles, which were randomly distributed on the g-C₃N₄ nanosheets, generating a finely bonded interface between the two components. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the successful formation of the g-C₃N₄@ZnO composite, while the thermal studies revealed the thermal stability of the composite. In addition, the drug release and kinetics studies proved that the release of curcumin was more significant under acidic conditions (pH 5) compared with neutral pH (7.4). Further, the biological assays verified the antibacterial activity (against two different cultures of E. coli and S. aureus) and anticancer activity (against MDA-MB-231 cancer cells) of the g-C₃N₄@ZnO/C nanocomposite. Finally, the lactate dehydrogenase activity assay presented the cytotoxic assessment of the nanocomposite based on its cytoplasmic activity and the extent of enzymes released from the damaged cells.

SUBMITTER: Padmanabhan VP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10424565 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The development of ZnO nanoparticle-embedded graphitic-carbon nitride towards triple-negative breast cancer therapy.

Padmanabhan Varun Prasath VP Sivashanmugam Pugalmani P S M Mubashera M Sagadevan Suresh S Kulandaivelu Ravichandran R

RSC advances 20230814 35

The present study deals with the effects of curcumin-loaded ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in graphitic-carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) sheets for breast cancer cells. The synthesis of these sheets was carried out by a simple co-precipitation method. The physicochemical and thermal properties of the composite sheets were studied using various characterization techniques. The powder X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses confirmed the hexag ...[more]

PMID: 37583658

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Project description:Graphitic carbon nitride (GCN), as a promising photocatalyst, has been intensely investigated in the photocatalytic fields, but its performance is still unsatisfactory. To date, metal ion doping has been proven to be an effective modification method to improve the photocatalytic activity of GCN. More importantly, comprehensive understanding of the doping mechanism will be of benefit to synthesize efficient GCN based photocatalysts. In this work, K+-doped GCN samples were prepared via heating the mixture of the preheated melamine and a certain amount of KCl at different synthetic temperatures. XRD and Raman characterization studies indicated that the introduction of K+ could improve its crystallinity at higher temperature but reduce its crystallinity at lower temperature. Moreover, FTIR and SEM-EDS measurements implied that K+ are found dominantly in the surface of the ion-doped sample prepared at lower temperature, while they are found both in the surface and bulk of the ion-doped sample prepared at higher temperature. These observations revealed that K+ distributed in the surface of the ion-doped GCN could inhibit its crystal growth, while K+ distributed inside of the ion-doped GCN could promote its crystallinity. Owing to the greater inducing effect of the bulk K+ than the disturbing effect of the surface K+, the improvement of the crystallinity for K+-doped GCN was achieved. As a result, the K+-doped GCN with higher crystallinity yielded an obviously higher H2 evolution rate than that with lower crystallinity under visible light irradiation (>420 nm). Besides, it was observed that the K+-doped GCN prepared at higher temperature exhibits significantly greater adsorption capacity for methylene blue than the K+-doped GCN prepared at lower temperature. This work would provide an insight into optimizing metal ion doped GCN with high photocatalytic activity. The greater inducing effect than the disturbing effect of K ions results in the improved crystallinity and enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of graphitic carbon nitride.

Dataset Information

The development of ZnO nanoparticle-embedded graphitic-carbon nitride towards triple-negative breast cancer therapy.

Publications

The development of ZnO nanoparticle-embedded graphitic-carbon nitride towards triple-negative breast cancer therapy.

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