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BCG administration promotes the long-term protection afforded by a single-dose intranasal adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

ABSTRACT: Recent publications have explored intranasal (i.n.) adenovirus-based (Ad) vaccines as an effective strategy for SARS-CoV-2 in pre-clinical models. However, the effects of prior immunizations and infections have yet to be considered. Here, we investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Mycobacterium bovis BCG pre-immunization followed by vaccination with an S-protein-expressing i.n. Ad, termed Ad(Spike). While i.n. Ad(Spike) retains some protective effect after 6 months, a single administration of BCG-Danish prior to Ad(Spike) potentiates its ability to control viral replication of the B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variant within the respiratory tract. Though BCG-Danish did not affect Ad(Spike)-generated humoral immunity, it promoted the generation of cytotoxic/Th1 responses over suppressive FoxP3⁺ T_REG cells in the lungs of infected mice. Thus, this vaccination strategy may prove useful in limiting future pandemics by potentiating the long-term efficacy of mucosal vaccines within the context of the widely distributed BCG vaccine.

SUBMITTER: Perera DJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10475483 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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BCG administration promotes the long-term protection afforded by a single-dose intranasal adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Perera Dilhan J DJ Domenech Pilar P Babuadze George Giorgi GG Naghibosadat Maedeh M Alvarez Fernando F Koger-Pease Cal C Labrie Lydia L Stuible Matthew M Durocher Yves Y Piccirillo Ciriaco A CA Lametti André A Fiset Pierre Olivier PO Elahi Seyyed Mehdy SM Kobinger Gary P GP Gilbert Rénald R Olivier Martin M Kozak Robert R Reed Michael B MB Ndao Momar M

iScience 20230811 9

Recent publications have explored intranasal (i.n.) adenovirus-based (Ad) vaccines as an effective strategy for SARS-CoV-2 in pre-clinical models. However, the effects of prior immunizations and infections have yet to be considered. Here, we investigate the immunomodulatory effects of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG pre-immunization followed by vaccination with an S-protein-expressing i.n. Ad, termed Ad(Spike). While i.n. Ad(Spike) retains some protective effect after 6 months, a single administr ...[more]

PMID: 37670783

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Project description:BackgroundIn many settings, a large fraction of the population has both been vaccinated against and infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Hence, quantifying the protection provided by post-infection vaccination has become critical for policy. We aimed to estimate the protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection of an additional vaccine dose after an initial Omicron variant infection.MethodsWe report a retrospective, population-based cohort study performed in Shanghai, China, using electronic databases with information on SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccination history. We compared reinfection incidence by post-infection vaccination status in individuals initially infected during the April-May 2022 Omicron variant surge in Shanghai and who had been vaccinated before that period. Cox models were fit to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).Results275,896 individuals were diagnosed with real-time polymerase chain reaction-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in April-May 2022; 199,312/275,896 were included in analyses on the effect of a post-infection vaccine dose. Post-infection vaccination provided protection against reinfection (aHR 0.82; 95% confidence interval 0.79-0.85). For patients who had received one, two, or three vaccine doses before their first infection, hazard ratios for the post-infection vaccination effect were 0.84 (0.76-0.93), 0.87 (0.83-0.90), and 0.96 (0.74-1.23), respectively. Post-infection vaccination within 30 and 90 days before the second Omicron wave provided different degrees of protection (in aHR): 0.51 (0.44-0.58) and 0.67 (0.61-0.74), respectively. Moreover, for all vaccine types, but to different extents, a post-infection dose given to individuals who were fully vaccinated before first infection was protective.ConclusionsIn previously vaccinated and infected individuals, an additional vaccine dose provided protection against Omicron variant reinfection. These observations will inform future policy decisions on COVID-19 vaccination in China and other countries.FundingThis study was funded the Key Discipline Program of Pudong New Area Health System (PWZxk2022-25), the Development and Application of Intelligent Epidemic Surveillance and AI Analysis System (21002411400), the Shanghai Public Health System Construction (GWVI-11.2-XD08), the Shanghai Health Commission Key Disciplines (GWVI-11.1-02), the Shanghai Health Commission Clinical Research Program (20214Y0020), the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (22ZR1414600), and the Shanghai Young Health Talents Program (2022YQ076).

Dataset Information

BCG administration promotes the long-term protection afforded by a single-dose intranasal adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Publications

BCG administration promotes the long-term protection afforded by a single-dose intranasal adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Similar Datasets

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