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Shedding light on rechargeable Na/Cl2 battery.


ABSTRACT: Advancing new ideas of rechargeable batteries represents an important path to meeting the ever-increasing energy storage needs. Recently, we showed rechargeable sodium/chlorine (Na/Cl2) (or lithium/chlorine Li/Cl2) batteries that used a Na (or Li) metal negative electrode, a microporous amorphous carbon nanosphere (aCNS) positive electrode, and an electrolyte containing dissolved aluminum chloride and fluoride additives in thionyl chloride [G. Zhu et al., Nature 596, 525-530 (2021) and G. Zhu et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 144, 22505-22513 (2022)]. The main battery redox reaction involved conversion between NaCl and Cl2 trapped in the carbon positive electrode, delivering a cyclable capacity of up to 1,200 mAh g-1 (based on positive electrode mass) at a ~3.5 V discharge voltage [G. Zhu et al., Nature 596, 525-530 (2021) and G. Zhu et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 144, 22505-22513 (2022)]. Here, we identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that upon charging a Na/Cl2 battery, chlorination of carbon in the positive electrode occurred to form carbon-chlorine (C-Cl) accompanied by molecular Cl2 infiltrating the porous aCNS, consistent with Cl2 probed by mass spectrometry. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction observed the development of graphitic ordering in the initially amorphous aCNS under battery charging when the carbon matrix was oxidized/chlorinated and infiltrated with Cl2. The C-Cl, Cl2 species and graphitic ordering were reversible upon discharge, accompanied by NaCl formation. The results revealed redox conversion between NaCl and Cl2, reversible graphitic ordering/amorphourization of carbon through battery charge/discharge, and probed trapped Cl2 in porous carbon by XPS.

SUBMITTER: Zhu G 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10523539 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Shedding light on rechargeable Na/Cl<sub>2</sub> battery.

Zhu Guanzhou G   Liang Peng P   Huang Cheng-Liang CL   Wu Shu-Chi SC   Huang Cheng-Chia CC   Li Yuan-Yao YY   Jiang Shi-Kai SK   Huang Wei-Hsiang WH   Li Jiachen J   Wang Feifei F   Hwang Bing-Joe BJ   Dai Hongjie H  

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20230920 39


Advancing new ideas of rechargeable batteries represents an important path to meeting the ever-increasing energy storage needs. Recently, we showed rechargeable sodium/chlorine (Na/Cl<sub>2</sub>) (or lithium/chlorine Li/Cl<sub>2</sub>) batteries that used a Na (or Li) metal negative electrode, a microporous amorphous carbon nanosphere (aCNS) positive electrode, and an electrolyte containing dissolved aluminum chloride and fluoride additives in thionyl chloride [G. Zhu <i>et al.</i>, <i>Nature</  ...[more]

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