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Rechargeable Solid-State Na-Metal Battery Operating at -20 °C.

ABSTRACT: Achieving satisfactory performance for a solid-state Na-metal battery (SSNMB) with an inorganic solid electrolyte (SE), especially under freezing temperatures, poses a challenge for stabilizing a Na-metal anode. Herein, this challenge is addressed by utilizing a Natrium super ionic conductor (NASICON) NASICON-type solid electrolyte, enabling the operation of a rechargeable SSNMB over a wide temperature range from -20 to 45 °C. The interfacial resistance at the Na metal/SE interface is only 0.4 Ω cm² at 45 °C and remains below 110 Ω cm² even at -20 °C. Remarkably, long-term Na-metal plating/stripping cycles lasting over 2000 h at -20 °C are achieved with minimal polarization voltages at 0.1 mA cm^-2 . Further analysis reveals the formation of a uniform Na_3- _x Ca_x PO₄ interphase layer at the interface, which significantly contributes to the exceptional interfacial performance observed. By employing a Na₃ V_1.5 Al_0.5 (PO₄ )₃ cathode, the full battery system demonstrates excellent adaptability to low temperatures, exhibiting a capacity of 80 mA h g^-1 at -20 °C over 50 cycles and retaining a capacity of 108 mAh g^-1 (88.5% of the capacity at 45 °C) at 0 °C over 275 cycles. This research significantly reduces the temperature threshold for SSNMB operation and paves the way toward solid-state batteries suitable for all-season applications.

SUBMITTER: Jin H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10520632 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Rechargeable Solid-State Na-Metal Battery Operating at -20 °C.

Jin Haibo H Xiao Xiong X Chen Lai L Ni Qing Q Sun Chen C Miao Runqing R Li Jingbo J Su Yuefeng Y Wang Chengzhi C

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 20230723 27

Achieving satisfactory performance for a solid-state Na-metal battery (SSNMB) with an inorganic solid electrolyte (SE), especially under freezing temperatures, poses a challenge for stabilizing a Na-metal anode. Herein, this challenge is addressed by utilizing a Natrium super ionic conductor (NASICON) NASICON-type solid electrolyte, enabling the operation of a rechargeable SSNMB over a wide temperature range from -20 to 45 °C. The interfacial resistance at the Na metal/SE interface is only 0.4 Ω ...[more]

PMID: 37485585

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Project description:The substitution of an organic liquid electrolyte with lithium-conducting solid materials is a promising approach to overcome the limitations associated with conventional lithium-ion batteries. These constraints include a reduced electrochemical stability window, high toxicity, flammability, and the formation of lithium dendrites. In this way, all-solid-state batteries present themselves as ideal candidates for improving energy density, environmental friendliness, and safety. In particular, all-solid-state configurations allow the introduction of compact, lightweight, high-energy-density batteries, suitable for low-power applications, known as thin-film batteries. Moreover, solid electrolytes typically offer wide electrochemical stability windows, enabling the integration of high-voltage cathodes and permitting the fabrication of higher-energy-density batteries. A high-voltage, all-solid-state lithium-ion thin-film battery composed of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode, a LiPON solid electrolyte, and a lithium metal anode has been deposited layer by layer on low-cost stainless-steel current collector substrates. The structural and electrochemical properties of each electroactive component of the battery had been analyzed separately prior to the full cell implementation. In addition to a study of the internal solid-solid interface, comparing them was done with two similar cells assembled using conventional lithium foil, one with thin-film solid electrolyte and another one with thin-film solid electrolyte plus a droplet of LP30 liquid electrolyte. The thin-film all-solid state cell developed in this work delivered 80.5 mAh g-1 in the first cycle at C/20 and after a C-rate test of 25 cycles at C/10, C/5, C/2, and 1C and stabilized its capacity at around 70 mAh g-1 for another 12 cycles prior to the start of its degradation. This cell reached gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of 333 Wh kg-1 and 1,212 Wh l-1, respectively. Overall, this cell showed a better performance than its counterparts assembled with Li foil, highlighting the importance of the battery interface control.

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Rechargeable Solid-State Na-Metal Battery Operating at -20 °C.

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Rechargeable Solid-State Na-Metal Battery Operating at -20 °C.

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