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A high-purity gas-solid photoreactor for reliable and reproducible photocatalytic CO₂ reduction measurements.

ABSTRACT: Reactions between a gas phase and a solid material are of high importance in the study of alternative ways for energy conversion utilizing otherwise useless carbon dioxide (CO₂). The photocatalytic CO₂ reduction to hydrocarbon fuels like e.g., methane (CH₄) is such a potential candidate process converting solar light into molecular bonds. In this work, the design, construction, and operation of a high-purity gas-solid photoreactor is described. The design aims at eliminating any unwanted carbon-containing impurities and leak points, ensuring the collection of reliable and reproducible data in photocatalytic CO₂ reduction measurements. Apart from the hardware design, a detailed experimental procedure including gas analysis is presented, allowing newcomers in the field of gas-solid CO₂ reduction to learn the essential basics and valuable tricks. By performing extensive blank measurements (with/without sample and/or light) the true performance of photocatalytic materials can be monitored, leading to the identification of trends and the proposal of possible mechanisms in CO₂ photoreduction. The reproducibility of measurements between different versions of the here presented reactor on the ppm level is evidenced.

SUBMITTER: Moustakas NG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10545968 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A high-purity gas-solid photoreactor for reliable and reproducible photocatalytic CO2 reduction measurements.

Moustakas Nikolaos G NG Klahn Marcus M Mei Bastian T BT Pougin Anna A Dilla Martin M Peppel Tim T Ristig Simon S Strunk Jennifer J

HardwareX 20230628

Reactions between a gas phase and a solid material are of high importance in the study of alternative ways for energy conversion utilizing otherwise useless carbon dioxide (CO2). The photocatalytic CO2 reduction to hydrocarbon fuels like e.g., methane (CH4) is such a potential candidate process converting solar light into molecular bonds. In this work, the design, construction, and operation of a high-purity gas-solid photoreactor is described. The design aims at ...[more]

PMID: 37795341

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Project description:BackgroundAlthough pulmonary artery catheters (PACs) have been the reference standard for calculating cardiac output, echocardiographic estimation of cardiac output (CO) by cardiologists has shown high accuracy compared to PAC measurements. A few studies have assessed the accuracy of echocardiographic estimation of CO in critically ill patients by intensivists with basic training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of CO measurements by intensivists with basic training using pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound vs. PACs in critically ill patients.MethodsCritically ill patients who required hemodynamic monitoring with a PAC were eligible for the study. Three different intensivists with basic critical care echocardiography training obtained three measurements of CO on each patient. The maximum of three separate left-ventricular outflow tract diameter measurements and the mean of three LVOT velocity time integral measurements were used. The inter-observer reliability and correlation of CO measured by PACs vs. critical care echocardiography were assessed.ResultsA total of 20 patients were included. Data were analyzed comparing the measurements of CO by PAC vs. echocardiography. The inter-observer reliability for measuring CO by echocardiography was good based on a coefficient of intraclass correlation of 0.6 (95% CI 0.48-0.86, p < 0.001). Bias and limits of agreement between the two techniques were acceptable (0.64 ± 1.18 L/min, 95% limits of agreement of - 1.73 to 3.01 L/min). In patients with CO < 6.5 L/min, the agreement between CO measured by PAC vs. echocardiography improved (0.13 ± 0.89 L/min; 95% limits of agreement of - 1.64 to 2.22 L/min). The mean percentage of error between the two methods was 17%.ConclusionsCritical care echocardiography performed at the bedside by intensivists with basic critical care echocardiography training is an accurate and reproducible technique to measure cardiac output in critically ill patients.

Dataset Information

A high-purity gas-solid photoreactor for reliable and reproducible photocatalytic CO₂ reduction measurements.

Publications

A high-purity gas-solid photoreactor for reliable and reproducible photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction measurements.

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