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The nature and nurture of network evolution.

ABSTRACT: Although the origin of the fat-tail characteristic of the degree distribution in complex networks has been extensively researched, the underlying cause of the degree distribution characteristic across the complete range of degrees remains obscure. Here, we propose an evolution model that incorporates only two factors: the node's weight, reflecting its innate attractiveness (nature), and the node's degree, reflecting the external influences (nurture). The proposed model provides a good fit for degree distributions and degree ratio distributions of numerous real-world networks and reproduces their evolution processes. Our results indicate that the nurture factor plays a dominant role in the evolution of social networks. In contrast, the nature factor plays a dominant role in the evolution of non-social networks, suggesting that whether nodes are people determines the dominant factor influencing the evolution of real-world networks.

SUBMITTER: Zhou B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10622530 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The nature and nurture of network evolution.

Zhou Bin B Holme Petter P Gong Zaiwu Z Zhan Choujun C Huang Yao Y Lu Xin X Meng Xiangyi X

Nature communications 20231103 1

Although the origin of the fat-tail characteristic of the degree distribution in complex networks has been extensively researched, the underlying cause of the degree distribution characteristic across the complete range of degrees remains obscure. Here, we propose an evolution model that incorporates only two factors: the node's weight, reflecting its innate attractiveness (nature), and the node's degree, reflecting the external influences (nurture). The proposed model provides a good fit for de ...[more]

PMID: 37919304

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Project description:The overall disease burden of pediatric infection is high, with widely varying clinical outcomes including death. Among the most vulnerable children, those with inborn errors of immunity, reduced penetrance and variable expressivity are common but poorly understood. There are several genetic mechanisms that influence phenotypic variation in inborn errors of immunity, as well as a body of knowledge on environmental influences and specific pathogen triggers. Critically, recent advances are illuminating novel nuances for fundamental concepts on disease penetrance, as well as raising new areas of inquiry. The last few decades have seen the identification of almost 500 causes of inborn errors of immunity, as well as major advancements in our ability to characterize somatic events, the microbiome, and genotypes across large populations. The progress has not been linear, and yet, these developments have accumulated into an enhanced ability to diagnose and treat inborn errors of immunity, in some cases with precision therapy. Nonetheless, many questions remain regarding the genetic and environmental contributions to phenotypic variation both within and among families. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated summary of key concepts in genetic and environmental contributions to phenotypic variation within inborn errors of immunity, conceptualized as including dynamic, reciprocal interplay among factors unfolding across the key dimension of time. The associated findings, potential gaps, and implications for research are discussed in turn for each major influencing factor. The substantial challenge ahead will be to organize and integrate information in such a way that accommodates the heterogeneity within inborn errors of immunity to arrive at a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of how the immune system operates in health and disease. And, crucially, to translate this understanding into improved patient care for the millions at risk for serious infection and other immune-related morbidity.

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The nature and nurture of network evolution.

Publications

The nature and nurture of network evolution.

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