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Comparative transcriptomics reveals human-specific cortical features.


ABSTRACT: The cognitive abilities of humans are distinctive among primates, but their molecular and cellular substrates are poorly understood. We used comparative single-nucleus transcriptomics to analyze samples of the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) from adult humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, rhesus macaques, and common marmosets to understand human-specific features of the neocortex. Human, chimpanzee, and gorilla MTG showed highly similar cell-type composition and laminar organization as well as a large shift in proportions of deep-layer intratelencephalic-projecting neurons compared with macaque and marmoset MTG. Microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes had more-divergent expression across species compared with neurons or oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and neuronal expression diverged more rapidly on the human lineage. Only a few hundred genes showed human-specific patterning, suggesting that relatively few cellular and molecular changes distinctively define adult human cortical structure.

SUBMITTER: Jorstad NL 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10659116 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comparative transcriptomics reveals human-specific cortical features.

Jorstad Nikolas L NL   Song Janet H T JHT   Exposito-Alonso David D   Suresh Hamsini H   Castro-Pacheco Nathan N   Krienen Fenna M FM   Yanny Anna Marie AM   Close Jennie J   Gelfand Emily E   Long Brian B   Seeman Stephanie C SC   Travaglini Kyle J KJ   Basu Soumyadeep S   Beaudin Marc M   Bertagnolli Darren D   Crow Megan M   Ding Song-Lin SL   Eggermont Jeroen J   Glandon Alexandra A   Goldy Jeff J   Kiick Katelyn K   Kroes Thomas T   McMillen Delissa D   Pham Trangthanh T   Rimorin Christine C   Siletti Kimberly K   Somasundaram Saroja S   Tieu Michael M   Torkelson Amy A   Feng Guoping G   Hopkins William D WD   Höllt Thomas T   Keene C Dirk CD   Linnarsson Sten S   McCarroll Steven A SA   Lelieveldt Boudewijn P BP   Sherwood Chet C CC   Smith Kimberly K   Walsh Christopher A CA   Dobin Alexander A   Gillis Jesse J   Lein Ed S ES   Hodge Rebecca D RD   Bakken Trygve E TE  

Science (New York, N.Y.) 20231013 6667


The cognitive abilities of humans are distinctive among primates, but their molecular and cellular substrates are poorly understood. We used comparative single-nucleus transcriptomics to analyze samples of the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) from adult humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, rhesus macaques, and common marmosets to understand human-specific features of the neocortex. Human, chimpanzee, and gorilla MTG showed highly similar cell-type composition and laminar organization as well as a large shi  ...[more]

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