Project description:The mid-infrared (mid-IR) is a strategically important band for numerous applications ranging from night vision to biochemical sensing. Here we theoretically analyzed and experimentally realized a Huygens metasurface platform capable of fulfilling a diverse cross-section of optical functions in the mid-IR. The meta-optical elements were constructed using high-index chalcogenide films deposited on fluoride substrates: the choices of wide-band transparent materials allow the design to be scaled across a broad infrared spectrum. Capitalizing on a two-component Huygens' meta-atom design, the meta-optical devices feature an ultra-thin profile (λ0/8 in thickness) and measured optical efficiencies up to 75% in transmissive mode for linearly polarized light, representing major improvements over state-of-the-art. We have also demonstrated mid-IR transmissive meta-lenses with diffraction-limited focusing and imaging performance. The projected size, weight and power advantages, coupled with the manufacturing scalability leveraging standard microfabrication technologies, make the Huygens meta-optical devices promising for next-generation mid-IR system applications.

| S-EPMC5902483 | biostudies-literature

Ultrahigh omnidirectional, broadband, and polarization-independent optical absorption over the visible wavelengths by effective dispersion engineering.

Project description:Achieving perfect light absorption at a subwavelength-scale thickness has various advantageous in terms of cost, flexibility, weight, and performance for many different applications. However, obtaining perfect absorbers covering a wide range of wavelengths regardless of incident angle and input polarization without a complicated patterning process while maintaining a small thickness remains a challenge. In this paper, we demonstrate flat, lithography-free, ultrahigh omnidirectional, polarization-independent, broadband absorbers through effective dispersion engineering. The proposed absorbers show day-integrated solar energy absorption up to 96%, which is 32% better than with lossy semiconductor/metal absorbers. The proposed simple yet effective method can be applied to light absorption thin film structures based on various types of highly lossy semiconductor materials, including emerging 2D materials.

| S-EPMC6614405 | biostudies-literature

Author Correction: Ultra-small microorganisms in the polyextreme conditions of the Dallol volcano, Northern Afar, Ethiopia.

Project description:An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

| S-EPMC7042217 | biostudies-literature

Broadband unidirectional behavior of electromagnetic waves based on transformation optics.

Project description:High directive antennas are fundamental elements for microwave communication and information processing. Here, inspired by the method of transformation optics, we propose and demonstrate a transformation medium to control the transmission path of a point source, resulting in the unidirectional behavior of electromagnetic waves (directional emitter) without any reflectors. The network of inductor-capacitor transmission lines is designed to experimentally realize the transformation medium. Furthermore, the designed device can work in a broadband frequency range. The unidirectional-manner-based device demonstrated in this work will be an important step forward in developing a new type of directive antennas.

| S-EPMC5247730 | biostudies-literature

Near-zero-dispersion soliton and broadband modulational instability Kerr microcombs in anomalous dispersion.

Project description:The developing advances of microresonator-based Kerr cavity solitons have enabled versatile applications ranging from communication, signal processing to high-precision measurements. Resonator dispersion is the key factor determining the Kerr comb dynamics. Near the zero group-velocity-dispersion (GVD) regime, low-noise and broadband microcomb sources are achievable, which is crucial to the application of the Kerr soliton. When the GVD is almost vanished, higher-order dispersion can significantly affect the Kerr comb dynamics. Although many studies have investigated the Kerr comb dynamics near the zero-dispersion regime in microresonator or fiber ring system, limited by dispersion profiles and dispersion perturbations, the near-zero-dispersion soliton structure pumped in the anomalous dispersion side is still elusive so far. Here, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the microcomb dynamics in fiber-based Fabry-Perot microresonator with ultra-small anomalous GVD. We obtain 2/3-octave-spaning microcombs with ~10 GHz spacing, >84 THz span, and >8400 comb lines in the modulational instability (MI) state, without any external nonlinear spectral broadening. Such widely-spanned MI combs are also able to enter the soliton state. Moreover, we report the first observation of anomalous-dispersion based near-zero-dispersion solitons, which exhibits a local repetition rate up to 8.6 THz, an individual pulse duration <100 fs, a span >32 THz and >3200 comb lines. These two distinct comb states have their own advantages. The broadband MI combs possess high conversion efficiency and wide existing range, while the near-zero-dispersion soliton exhibits relatively low phase noise and ultra-high local repetition rate. This work complements the dynamics of Kerr cavity soliton near the zero-dispersion regime, and may stimulate cross-disciplinary inspirations ranging from dispersion-controlled microresonators to broadband coherent comb devices.

| S-EPMC9892599 | biostudies-literature

Correction: The complex dynamics of products and its asymptotic properties.

Project description:[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177360.].

| S-EPMC5636154 | biostudies-literature

Author Correction: Psychological measures aren’t toothbrushes

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC11332099 | biostudies-literature

All-Silicon Ultra-Broadband Infrared Light Absorbers.

Project description:Absorbing infrared radiation efficiently is important for critical applications such as thermal imaging and infrared spectroscopy. Common infrared absorbing materials are not standard in Si VLSI technology. We demonstrate ultra-broadband mid-infrared absorbers based purely on silicon. Broadband absorption is achieved by the combined effects of free carrier absorption, and vibrational and plasmonic absorption resonances. The absorbers, consisting of periodically arranged silicon gratings, can be fabricated using standard optical lithography and deep reactive ion etching techniques, allowing for cost-effective and wafer-scale fabrication of micro-structures. Absorption wavebands in excess of 15 micrometers (5-20??m) are demonstrated with more than 90% average absorptivity. The structures also exhibit broadband absorption performance even at large angles of incidence (??=?50°), and independent of polarization.

| S-EPMC5141492 | biostudies-literature

Towards Perfect Ultra-Broadband Absorbers, Ultra-Narrow Waveguides, and Ultra-Small Cavities at Optical Frequencies.

Project description:In this study, we design ultra-broadband optical absorbers, ultra-narrow optical waveguides, and ultra-small optical cavities comprising two-dimensional metallic photonic crystals that tolerate fabrication imperfections such as position and radius disorderings. The absorbers containing gold rods show an absorption amplitude of more than 90% under 54% position disordering at 200<λ<530 nm. The absorbers containing silver rods show an absorptance of more than 90% under 54% position disordering at 200<λ<400 nm. B-type straight waveguides that contain four rows of silver rods exposed to air reveal normalized transmittances of 75% and 76% under 32% position and 60% radius disorderings, respectively. B-type L-shaped waveguides containing four rows of silver rods show 76% and 90% normalized transmittances under 32% position and 40% radius disorderings, respectively. B-type cavities containing two rings of silver rods reveal 70% and 80% normalized quality factors under 32% position and 60% radius disorderings, respectively.

| S-EPMC9268687 | biostudies-literature

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