Survival after living donor liver transplantation versus best supportive care in patients with end-stage liver disease with various MELD-Na scores: retrospective cohort study.
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SUBMITTER: Oh N
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10681711 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Survival after living donor liver transplantation versus best supportive care in patients with end-stage liver disease with various MELD-Na scores: retrospective cohort study.
Oh Namkee N Kim Jong Man JM Han Seungwook S Jo Sung Jun SJ An Sunghyo S Park Sunghae S Yoon Sang Oh SO Yang Jaehun J Kwon Jieun J Lee Nuri N Rhu Jinsoo J Choi Gyu-Seong GS Joh Jae-Won JW
BJS open 20231101 6
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Project description:The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV score and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) 3 include liver transplantation as a diagnostic category. The performance of APACHE IV-liver transplantation (LT) specific predicted mortality, SAPS 3, APACHE II, Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD)-Na, MELD, and CTP scores in predicting in-hospital and 1 year mortality in liver transplant patients was compared using 590 liver transplantations in a single university hospital. In-hospital mortality and 1 year mortality were 2.9% and 4.2%, respectively. The APACHE IV-LT specific predicted mortality showed better performance in predicting in-hospital mortality (AUC 0.91, 95% CI [0.86-0.96]) compared to SAPS 3 (AUC 0.78, 95% CI [0.66-0.90], p = 0.01), MELD-Na (AUC 0.74, 95% CI [0.57-0.86], p = 0.01), and CTP (AUC 0.68, 95% CI [0.54-0.81], p = 0.01). The APACHE IV-LT specific predicted mortality showed better performance in predicting 1 year mortality (AUC 0.83, 95% CI [0.76-0.9]) compared to MELD-Na (AUC 0.67, 95% CI [0.55-0.79], p = 0.04) and CTP (AUC 0.64, 95% CI [0.53-0.75], p = 0.03), and also in all MELD groups and in both living and deceased donor transplantation. The APACHE IV-LT specific predicted mortality showed better performance in predicting in-hospital and 1 year mortality after liver transplantation.
| S-EPMC5589917 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe Gender-Equity Model for liver Allocation corrected by serum sodium (GEMA-Na) and the Model for End-stage Liver Disease 3.0 (MELD 3.0) could amend sex disparities for accessing liver transplantation (LT). We aimed to assess these inequities in Spain and to compare the performance of GEMA-Na and MELD 3.0.MethodsNationwide cohort study including adult patients listed for a first elective LT (January 2016-December 2021). The primary outcome was mortality or delisting for sickness within the first 90 days. Independent predictors of the primary outcome were evaluated using multivariate Cox's regression with adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The discrimination of GEMA-Na and MELD 3.0was assessed using Harrell c-statistics (Hc).FindingsThe study included 6071 patients (4697 men and 1374 women). Mortality or delisting for clinical deterioration occurred in 286 patients at 90 days (4.7%). Women had reduced access to LT (83.7% vs. 85.9%; p = 0.037) and increased risk of mortality or delisting for sickness at 90 days (adjusted RR = 1.57 [95% CI 1.09-2.28]; p = 0.017). Female sex remained as an independent risk factor when using MELD or MELD-Na but lost its significance in the presence of GEMA-Na or MELD 3.0. Among patients included for reasons other than tumours (n = 3606; 59.4%), GEMA-Na had Hc = 0.753 (95% CI 0.715-0.792), which was higher than MELD 3.0 (Hc = 0.726 [95% CI 0.686-0.767; p = 0.001), showing both models adequate calibration.InterpretationGEMA-Na and MELD 3.0 might correct sex disparities for accessing LT, but GEMA-Na provides more accurate predictions of waiting list outcomes and could be considered the standard of care for waiting list prioritization.FundingInstituto de Salud Carlos III, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spain), and European Union.
| S-EPMC11304699 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe vast majority of patients with cirrhosis have low Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium (MELD-Na) scores; however, the ability for the MELD-Na score to predict patient outcomes at low scores is unclear.MethodsAdult patients in a multicenter, Chicago-wide database of medical records with International Classification of Disease, Ninth Edition codes of cirrhosis and without a history of hepatocellular carcinoma were included. Records were linked with the state death registry, and death certificates were manually reviewed. Deaths were classified as "liver-related," "non-liver-related," and "non-descript" as adjudicated by a panel comprised of a transplant surgeon, a hepatologist, and an internist. A sensitivity analysis was performed where patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were included.ResultsAmong 7922 identified patients, 3999 patients had MELD-Na scores that were never higher than 15. In total, 2137 (27%) patients died during the study period with higher mortality rates for the patients in the high MELD-Na group (19.4 (41.6%) versus 4.1 (12.6%) per 100 person-y, P < 0.001). The high MELD-Na group died of a liver-related cause in 1142 out of 1632 (70%) as compared to 240 out of 505 (47.5%) deaths in the low MELD-Na group. There was no difference in the distribution of subcategory of liver-related death between low and high MELD-Na groups. Among subclassification of liver-related deaths, the most common cause of death was "Infectious" in both groups.ConclusionsDespite persistently low MELD-Na scores, patients with cirrhosis still experience high rates of liver-related mortality.
| S-EPMC7192363 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundControversy exists regarding the best predictive model of liver transplant waiting list (WL) mortality. Models for end-stage liver disease-glomerular filtration rate assessment in liver disease (MELD-GRAIL) and MELD-GRAIL-Na were recently described to provide better prognostication, particularly in females. We evaluated the performance of these scores compared to MELD and MELD-Na.MethodsConsecutive patients with cirrhosis waitlisted for liver transplant from 1998 to 2017 were examined in this single-center study. The primary outcome was 90-d WL mortality. MELD, MELD-Na, MELD-GRAIL, and MELD-GRAIL-Na at the time of WL registration were compared. Model discrimination was assessed with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves and Harrell's C-index after fitting Cox models. Model calibration was examined with Grønnesby and Borgan's modification of the Hosmer-Lemeshow formula and by comparing predicted/observed outcomes across model strata.ResultsThe study population comprised 1108 patients with a median age of 53.5 (interquartile range 48-59) y and male predominance (74.9%). All models had excellent areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the primary outcome (MELD 0.89, MELD-Na 0.91, MELD-GRAIL 0.89, MELD-GRAIL-Na 0.89; all comparisons P > 0.05). Youden index cutoffs for 90-d mortality were as follows: MELD, 19; MELD-Na, 22; MELD-GRAIL, 18; and MELD-GRAIL-Na, 17. Variables associated with 90-d mortality on multivariable Cox regression were sodium, bilirubin, creatinine, and international normalized ratio. There were no differences in model discrimination using Harrell's C-index. All models were well calibrated; however, divergence between observed and predicted mortality was noted with scores ≥25.ConclusionThere were no demonstrable differences in discrimination or calibration of GRAIL-based models compared with MELD or MELD-Na in our cohort. This suggests that GRAIL-based models may not have meaningful improvements in discriminatory ability when applied to other settings.
| S-EPMC9191558 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsImpaired liver function often necessitates drug dose adjustment to avoid excessive drug accumulation and adverse events, but a marker for the extent of the required adjustment is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Child-Pugh (CP) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores correlate with drug clearance.MethodsMidazolam was used as a CYP3A probe and its pharmacokinetics were analyzed in 24 patients with mild to severe liver cirrhosis (n = 4, 10 and 10 with CP class A, B and C, respectively) and six patients without liver disease.ResultsBoth scores correlated well with unbound midazolam clearance (CLu ), unbound midazolam fraction and half-life (all P < 0.01), whereas the unbound steady-state volume of distribution was not significantly changed. In patients with severe liver cirrhosis unbound midazolam clearance was only 14% of controls (CP C: CLu = 843 ± 346 l h(-1), MELD ≥ 15: CLu = 805 ± 474 l h(-1), controls: CLu = 5815 ± 2649 l h(-1), P < 0.01).ConclusionThe correlation with unbound midazolam clearance suggests that either score predicts the metabolic capacity of CYP3A, the most relevant drug metabolizing enzyme subfamily in humans.
| S-EPMC3895357 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The MELD score is used in the Eurotransplant (ET) region to allocate liver grafts. Hyponatremia in cirrhotic patients is an important predictor of death but is not incorporated in MELD. This study investigated the performance of the MELD-Na score for the ET region. All adult patients with chronic liver disease on the ET liver transplantation waiting list (WL) allocated through lab MELD scores were included. The MELD-corrected effect of serum sodium (Na) concentration at listing on the 90-day WL mortality was calculated using Cox regression. The MELD-Na performance was assessed with c-indices, calibration per decile and Brier scores. The reclassification from MELD to MELD-Na score was calculated to estimate the impact of MELD-Na-based allocation in the ET region. For the 5223 included patients, the risk of 90-day WL death was 2.9 times higher for hyponatremic patients. The MELD-Na had a significantly higher c-index of 0.847 (SE 0.007) and more accurate 90-day mortality prediction compared to MELD (Brier score of 0.059 vs 0.061). It was estimated that using MELD-Na would reduce WL mortality by 4.9%. The MELD-Na score yielded improved prediction of 90-day WL mortality in the ET region and using MELD-Na for liver allocation will very likely reduce WL mortality.
| S-EPMC7818465 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSex-based disparities in liver transplantation (LT) are incompletely understood. We assessed the role of height, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), MELD-Na, and exception points in the disparate access to LT.MethodsAdults waitlisted for LT at Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network between 2002 and 2013 were included. Covariates associated with likelihood of LT were analyzed by Cox proportional model. In a separate cohort of waitlisted adults with glomerular filtration rate measurement by iothalamate clearance (n = 611), we determined the number of creatinine-derived MELD points in men versus women, across all ranges of glomerular filtration rate. The impact of correcting the MELD score deficit in women on LT was modeled.ResultsAmong 90 720 Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network registrants, women had higher mortality than men (4 years after listing: 22% vs 18%, P < 0.0001), and lower likelihood of LT (49% vs 58%, P < 0.0001); women were 20% less likely to be transplanted (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-0.81). Differences in height and MELD exception scores accounted for most of the LT deficit in women (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-0.94). Women received between 1 and 2.4 fewer creatinine-derived MELD points than men with similar renal dysfunction. MELD-Na worsened the gender disparity. Addition of 1 or 2 MELD points to women significantly impacted LT access.ConclusionsDifferences in height and MELD exception points explained most of the sex-based disparity in LT. Additionally, MELD score underestimated disease severity in women by up to 2.4 points and MELD Na exacerbated this disparity. The degree of underestimation based on MELD had significant impact on allocation.
| S-EPMC6153066 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPatients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tend to be referred for liver transplantation (LT) at an early stage of cirrhosis, with lower pre-LT Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores. We investigated the impact of high MELD scores on post-LT outcomes in patients with HCC and validated the prognostic significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).Patients and methodThis retrospective single-center cohort study enrolled 230 patients with HCC who underwent LDLT from 2004-2019 in our institute. We defined a high MELD score as ≥20.ResultsThe MELD < 20 and MELD ≥ 20 groups comprised 205 and 25 cases, respectively. Although there was no significant difference in disease-free survival between the two groups (p = 0.629), the incidence of septic shock (p = 0.019) was significantly higher in the high MELD group. The one-, three-, and five-year overall survival rates were not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.056). In univariate analysis, a high pre-LT NLR was associated with poorer survival in the high MELD group (p = 0.029, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.07, 90% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.13). NLR cut-off values of ≥10.7 and <10.7 were predictive of mortality, with an AUC of 0.705 (90% CI: 0.532-0.879). The one-, three-, and five-year post-LT survival rates were significantly higher among the recipients with an NLR < 10.7 than those with an NLR ≥ 10.7 (p = 0.005).ConclusionsPre-LT MELD score ≥ 20 was associated with a higher risk of developing post-LT septic shock and mortality. The pre-LT serum NLR is a useful predictive factor for clinical outcomes in patients with HCC with high MELD scores.
| S-EPMC9221955 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score has been successfully used to prioritize patients on the United States liver transplant waiting list since its adoption in 2002. The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS)/Organ Procurement Transplantation Network (OPTN) allocation policy has evolved over the years, and notable recent changes include Share 35, inclusion of serum sodium in the MELD score, and a 'delay and cap' policy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. We explored the potential of a registrant's change in 30-day MELD scores (ΔMELD30) to improve allocation both before and after these policy changes. Current MELD and ΔMELD30 were evaluated using cause-specific hazards models for waitlist dropout based on US liver transplant registrants added to the waitlist between 06/30/2003 and 6/30/2013. Two composite scores were constructed and then evaluated on UNOS data spanning the current policy era (01/02/2016 to 09/07/2018). Predictive accuracy was evaluated using the C-index for model discrimination and by comparing observed and predicted waitlist dropout probabilities for model calibration. After the change to MELD-Na, increased dropout associated with ΔMELD30 jumps is no longer evident at MELD scores below 30. However, the adoption of Share 35 has potentially resulted in discrepancies in waitlist dropout for patients with sharp MELD increases at higher MELD scores. Use of the ΔMELD30 to add additional points or serve as a potential tiebreaker for patients with rapid deterioration may extend the benefit of Share 35 to better include those in most critical need.
| S-EPMC6776460 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To evaluate clinical characteristics and factors associated with survival among liver transplantation (LT) recipients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), with or without transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), in the post-Model for End-stage Liver Disease era.MethodsWe extracted data from the United Network for Organ Sharing database on all adult (≥18 y old) waitlisted candidates and recipients of LT with BCS in the United States between 2002 and 2019. Multivariable Cox regression was used to determine predictors of mortality and hazard ratios (HRs).ResultsA total of 647 BCS patients were waitlisted between 2002 and 2019. BCS was an indication for LT in 378 (0.2%) of all adult LT recipients during the study period. Of BCS patients who received LT, approximately three-fourths (72.3%) were alive for up to 10 y. We found no significant difference in LT outcomes in BCS patients with or without TIPS. Longer length of hospital stay following LT (HR, 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.47), Black/African American race (HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.38-3.64), diabetes (HR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.62-6.21), donor risk index (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.05-1.99), and lower albumin levels at the time of transplantation (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50-0.88) were negatively associated with survival after LT. Interestingly, neither the Model for End-stage Liver Disease nor prior TIPS showed a significant association with survival after LT.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate good comparable survival among TIPS versus no TIPS in LT recipients with BCS. The decision for TIPS versus LT should be individualized on a case-by-case basis.
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