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Biofilm Formation by Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections from Aguascalientes, Mexico.

ABSTRACT: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are among the leading causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs) worldwide. They can colonize the urinary tract and form biofilms that allow bacteria to survive and persist, causing relapses of infections and life-threatening sequelae. Here, we analyzed biofilm production, antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups in 74 E. coli isolated from diagnosed patients with UTIs to describe their microbiological features and ascertain their relationship with biofilm capabilities. High levels of ceftazidime resistance are present in hospital-acquired UTIs. Isolates of multidrug resistance strains (p = 0.0017) and the yfcV gene (p = 0.0193) were higher in male patients. All the strains tested were able to form biofilms. Significant differences were found among higher optical densities (ODs) and antibiotic resistance to cefazolin (p = 0.0395), ceftazidime (p = 0.0302), and cefepime (p = 0.0420). Overall, the presence of fimH and papC coincided with strong biofilm formation by UPEC. Type 1 fimbriae (p = 0.0349), curli (p = 0.0477), and cellulose (p = 0.0253) production was significantly higher among strong biofilm formation. Our results indicated that high antibiotic resistance may be related to male infections as well as strong and moderate biofilm production. The ability of E. coli strains to produce biofilm is important for controlling urinary tract infections.

SUBMITTER: Ramirez Castillo FY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10745304 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Biofilm Formation by Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections from Aguascalientes, Mexico.

Ramírez Castillo Flor Yazmín FY Guerrero Barrera Alma Lilian AL Harel Josée J Avelar González Francisco Javier FJ Vogeleer Philippe P Arreola Guerra José Manuel JM González Gámez Mario M

Microorganisms 20231125 12

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are among the leading causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs) worldwide. They can colonize the urinary tract and form biofilms that allow bacteria to survive and persist, causing relapses of infections and life-threatening sequelae. Here, we analyzed biofilm production, antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups in 74 E. coli isolated from diagnosed patients with UTIs to describe their microbiological fea ...[more]

PMID: 38138002

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Project description:Biofilm formation enhances bacteria's ability to colonize unique niches while protecting themselves from environmental stressors. Escherichia coli that colonize the urinary tract can protect themselves from the harsh bladder environment by forming biofilms. These biofilms promote persistence that can lead to chronic and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI). While biofilm formation is frequently studied among urinary E. coli, its association with other pathogenic mechanisms and adaptations in certain host populations remains poorly understood. Here we utilized whole genome sequencing and retrospective medical record analysis to investigate associations between the population structure, phenotypic resistance, resistome, virulome, and patient demographic and clinical findings of 104 unique urinary E. coli and their capacity to form biofilms. We show that population structure including multilocus sequence typing and Clermont phylogrouping had no association with biofilm capacity. Among clinical factors, exposure to multiple antibiotics within that past 30 days and a clinical history of recurrent UTIs were positively associated with biofilm formation. In contrast, phenotypic antimicrobial reduced susceptibility and corresponding acquired resistance genes were negatively associated with biofilm formation. While biofilm formation was associated with increased virulence genes within the cumulative virulome, individual virulence genes did not influence biofilm capacity. We identified unique virulotypes among different strata of biofilm formation and associated the presence of the tosA/R-ibeA gene combination with moderate to strong biofilm formation. Our findings suggest that E. coli causing UTI in dogs utilize a heterogenous mixture of virulence genes to reach a biofilm phenotype, some of which may promote robust biofilm capacity. Antimicrobial use may select for two populations, non-biofilm formers that maintain an arsenal of antimicrobial resistance genes to nullify treatment and a second that forms durable biofilms to avoid therapeutic insults.

Project description:BackgroundUropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the predominant cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), and the recurrence of these infections poses significant treatment challenges.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the phylogroups, biofilm formation, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance of UPEC strains in patients with recurrent versus non-recurrent UTIs in Hamadan City, Western Iran.Materials and methodsA total of 110 E. coli isolates were collected from urine cultures across three major hospitals and laboratories. The isolates were confirmed through biochemical tests, and their antibiotic resistance profiles were evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Biofilm production was assessed using the microtiter plate method, while virulence genes and phylogroup determination were analyzed via PCR. Real-time PCR was employed to compare the expression levels of the pap and fimH virulence genes.ResultsThe results indicated that 73% of isolates were from non-recurrent UTI patients, with a higher incidence in females and children under 10 years. A significant difference was detected in the underlying diseases and the expression of the pap between the recurrent and non-recurrent groups. Antibiotic resistance was notably significant, particularly against Ampicillin-sulbactam, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Nalidixic acid, and Ciprofloxacin, with 77% of strains classified as multi-drug resistant (MDR). Despite differences in the rates of ESBL production between recurrent (53%) and non-recurrent (42.5%) strains, no significant differences were observed in antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, virulence factors, or phylogroups between the two groups. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a predominance of phylogroups B2 and D, with high genetic diversity among the isolates.ConclusionThe study highlights the traits of UPEC strains in recurrent and non-recurrent UTIs, showing high antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity among isolates. The study found notable differences in underlying diseases and the expression of the pap gene between recurrent and non-recurrent groups, suggesting that these factors may play a crucial role in the recurrence of infections. Further investigation into these differences could enhance our understanding and management of recurrent UTIs.

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Biofilm Formation by Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections from Aguascalientes, Mexico.

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Biofilm Formation by <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections from Aguascalientes, Mexico.

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