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Reduced estrogen signaling contributes to bone loss and cardiac dysfunction in interleukin-10 knockout mice.

ABSTRACT: Characterization of the interleukin (IL)-10 knockout (KO) mouse with chronic gut inflammation, cardiovascular dysfunction, and bone loss suggests a critical role for this cytokine in interorgan communication within the gut, bone, and cardiovascular axis. We sought to understand the role of IL-10 in the cross-talk between these systems. Six-week-old IL-10 KO mice and their wild type (WT) counterparts were maintained on a standard rodent diet for 3 or 6 months. Gene expression of proinflammatory markers and Fgf23, serum 17β-estradiol (E2), and cardiac protein expression were assessed. Ileal Il17a and Tnf mRNA increased while Il6 mRNA increased in the bone and heart by at least 2-fold in IL-10 KO mice. Bone Dmp1 and Phex mRNA were repressed at 6 months in IL-10 KO mice, resulting in increased Fgf23 mRNA (~4-fold) that contributed to increased fibrosis. In the IL-10 KO mice, gut bacterial β-glucuronidase activity and ovarian Cyp19a1 mRNA were lower (p < 0.05), consistent with reduced serum E2 and reduced cardiac pNOS3 (Ser¹¹¹⁹ ) in these mice. Treatment of ileal lymphocytes with E2 reduced gut inflammation in WT but not IL-10 KO mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that diminished estrogen and defective bone mineralization increased FGF23 which contributed to cardiac fibrosis in the IL-10 KO mouse.

SUBMITTER: Alake SE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10787104 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reduced estrogen signaling contributes to bone loss and cardiac dysfunction in interleukin-10 knockout mice.

Alake Sanmi E SE Ice John J Robinson Kara K Price Payton P Hatter Bethany B Wozniak Karen K Lin Dingbo D Chowanadisai Winyoo W Smith Brenda J BJ Lucas Edralin A EA

Physiological reports 20240101 1

Characterization of the interleukin (IL)-10 knockout (KO) mouse with chronic gut inflammation, cardiovascular dysfunction, and bone loss suggests a critical role for this cytokine in interorgan communication within the gut, bone, and cardiovascular axis. We sought to understand the role of IL-10 in the cross-talk between these systems. Six-week-old IL-10 KO mice and their wild type (WT) counterparts were maintained on a standard rodent diet for 3 or 6 months. Gene expression of proinflammatory m ...[more]

PMID: 38217044

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Project description:BackgroundActivated fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) play a critical role in cardiac fibrosis; however, their origin in the diseased heart remains unclear, warranting further investigation. Recent studies suggest the contribution of bone marrow fibroblast progenitor cells (BM-FPCs) in pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis. We have previously shown that interleukin-10 (IL10) suppresses pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis; however, the role of IL10 in inhibition of BM-FPC-mediated cardiac fibrosis is not known. We hypothesized that IL10 inhibits pressure overload-induced homing of BM-FPCs to the heart and their transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts and thus attenuates cardiac fibrosis.MethodsPressure overload was induced in wild-type (WT) and IL10 knockout (IL10KO) mice by transverse aortic constriction. To determine the bone marrow origin, chimeric mice were created with enhanced green fluorescent protein WT mice marrow to the IL10KO mice. For mechanistic studies, FPCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow.ResultsPressure overload enhanced BM-FPC mobilization and homing in IL10KO mice compared with WT mice. Furthermore, WT bone marrow (from enhanced green fluorescent protein mice) transplantation in bone marrow-depleted IL10KO mice (IL10KO chimeric mice) reduced transverse aortic constriction-induced BM-FPC mobilization compared with IL10KO mice. Green fluorescent protein costaining with α-smooth muscle actin or collagen 1α in left ventricular tissue sections of IL10KO chimeric mice suggests that myofibroblasts were derived from bone marrow after transverse aortic constriction. Finally, WT bone marrow transplantation in IL10KO mice inhibited transverse aortic constriction-induced cardiac fibrosis and improved heart function. At the molecular level, IL10 treatment significantly inhibited transforming growth factor-β-induced transdifferentiation and fibrotic signaling in WT BM-FPCs in vitro. Furthermore, fibrosis-associated microRNA (miRNA) expression was highly upregulated in IL10KO-FPCs compared with WT-FPCs. Polymerase chain reaction-based selective miRNA analysis revealed that transforming growth factor-β-induced enhanced expression of fibrosis-associated miRNAs (miRNA-21, -145, and -208) was significantly inhibited by IL10. Restoration of miRNA-21 levels suppressed the IL10 effects on transforming growth factor-β-induced fibrotic signaling in BM-FPCs.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that IL10 inhibits BM-FPC homing and transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts in pressure-overloaded myocardium. Mechanistically, we show for the first time that IL10 suppresses Smad-miRNA-21-mediated activation of BM-FPCs and thus modulates cardiac fibrosis.

Project description:Background Chronic sustained pressure overload induces cardiac remodeling, which often leads to heart failure. Cardiac macrophages (cMacs) are heterogeneous cell populations, and their elimination has been shown to exacerbate pressure overload-induced heart failure. CD163, a macrophage-specific scavenger receptor expressed in a subset of cMacs, has been linked to cardiovascular events through its serum soluble form. This study aimed to elucidate the functional role of the CD163+ cMacs subset in pressure overload-induced heart failure. Methods Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed on wild-type and CD163-deficient (Cd163-/-) mice to investigate the role of CD163 in pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Echocardiography was used to assess heart structure and function. Transcriptomic analysis and transmission electron microscopy were employed to observe mitochondrial structure in cardiomyocytes. Flow cytometry was used to quantify cMacs and cytokine-expressing cMacs in the heart. Additionally, serum samples from hypertensive patients with and without heart failure were analyzed to explore the relationship between CD163 and heart failure. Results TAC-induced left ventricular systolic dysfunction, including reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening, was significantly aggravated in Cd163-/- mice post-surgery. Genes differentially expressed due to CD163 deficiency were enriched in pathways related to mitochondrial bioenergetics and homeostasis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an increase in dysfunctional mitochondria in cardiomyocytes of Cd163-/- mice post-TAC. Additionally, decreased serum interleukin (IL)-10 levels and reduced IL-10 expression in cMacs were observed in Cd163-/- mice post-TAC. IL-10 supplementation significantly reversed TAC-induced reductions in left ventricular systolic function and improved mitochondrial bioenergetics and homeostasis in Cd163-/- mice. Conclusions The protective functions of CD163 in cMacs are associated with IL-10 expression during pressure overload-induced heart failure.

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Reduced estrogen signaling contributes to bone loss and cardiac dysfunction in interleukin-10 knockout mice.

Publications

Reduced estrogen signaling contributes to bone loss and cardiac dysfunction in interleukin-10 knockout mice.

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