Modification of Commercial Polymer Coatings for Superhydrophobic Applications
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Cassidy S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10870754 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:We present a facile and inexpensive approach to superhydrophobic polymer coatings. The method involves the in-situ polymerization of common monomers in the presence of a porogenic solvent to afford superhydrophobic surfaces with the desired combination of micro- and nano-scale roughness. The method is applicable to a variety of substrates and is not limited to small areas or flat surfaces. The polymerized material can be ground into a superhydrophobic powder, which, once applied to a surface, renders it superhydrophobic. The morphology of the porous polymer structure can be efficiently controlled by composition of the polymerization mixture, while surface chemistry can be adjusted by photografting. Morphology control is used to reduce the globule size of the porous architecture from micro down to nanoscale thereby affording a transparent material. The influence of both surface chemistry as well as the length scale of surface roughness on the superhydrophobicity is discussed.
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Project description:Superhydrophobic surfaces and surface coatings are of high interest for many applications in everyday life including non-wetting and low-friction coatings as well as functional clothing. Manufacturing of these surfaces is intricate since superhydrophobicity requires structuring of surfaces on a nano- to microscale. This delicate surface structuring makes most superhydrophobic surfaces very sensitive to abrasion and renders them impractical for real-life applications. In this paper we present a transparent fluorinated polymer foam that is synthesized by a simple one-step photoinitiated radical polymerization. We term this material "Fluoropor". It possesses an inherent nano-/microstructure throughout the whole bulk material and is thus insensitive to abrasion as its superhydrophobic properties are not merely due to a thin-layer surface-effect. Due to its foam-like structure with pore sizes below the wavelength of visible light Fluoropor appears optically transparent. We determined contact angles, surface energy, wear resistance and Vickers hardness to highlight Fluoropor's applicability for real-word applications.
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Project description:Enhancement in the resilience of superhydrophobic coatings is crucial for their future applicability. However, the progress in this aspect is currently limited due to the lack of a consistent resilience analysis methodology/protocol as well as the limited understanding of the influence of the materials components on the resultant coating performance. This study applies a quantitative analysis methodology involving image analysis and mass tracking and utilizes it to investigate how the properties of coating components can influence coating resilience. The factors examined were changing the molecular weight/tensile strength of poly(vinylchloride)/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PVC/PDMS) polymers and changing the size of the roughening particles. In addition to the examination of resilience data to evaluate degradation patterns, three-dimensional (3D) mapping of the scratches was performed to obtain an insight into how material removal occurs during abrasion. The results can indicate preferential polymer selection (using higher-molecular-weight polymers for PVC) and optimal particle sizes (smaller particles) for maximizing coating resilience. The study, although focused on superhydrophobic materials, demonstrates wide applicability to a range of areas, particularly those focused on the development of high-strength coatings.
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Project description:Durable superhydrophobic coatings were synthesized using a system of silica nanoparticles (NPs) to provide nanoscale roughness, fluorosilane to give hydrophobic chemistry, and three different polymer binders: urethane acrylate, ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate, and epoxy. Coatings composed of different binders incorporating NPs in various concentrations exhibited different superhydrophobic attributes when applied on polycarbonate (PC) and glass substrates and as a function of coating composition. It was found that the substrate surface characteristics and wettability affected the superhydrophobic characteristics of the coatings. Interfacial tension and spreading coefficient parameters (thermodynamics) of the coating components were used to predict the localization of the NPs for the different binders' concentrations. The thermodynamic analysis of the NPs localization was in good agreement with the experimental observations. On the basis of the thermodynamic analysis and the experimental scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, profilometry, and atomic force microscopy results, it was concluded that localization of the NPs on the surface was critical to provide the necessary roughness and resulting superhydrophobicity. The durability evaluated by tape testing of the epoxy formulations was the best on both glass and PC. Several coating compositions retained their superhydrophobicity after the tape test. In summary, it was concluded that thermodynamic analysis is a powerful tool to predict the roughness of the coating due to the location of NPs on the surface, and hence can be used in the design of superhydrophobic coatings.
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Project description:Developing versatile, scalable, and durable coatings that resist the accretion of matters (liquid, vapor, and solid phases) in various operating environments is important to industrial applications, yet has proven challenging. Here, we report a cellular coating that imparts liquid-repellence, vapor-imperviousness, and solid-shedding capabilities without the need for complicated structures and fabrication processes. The key lies in designing basic cells consisting of rigid microshells and releasable nanoseeds, which together serve as a rigid shield and a bridge that chemically bonds with matrix and substrate. The durability and strong resistance to accretion of different matters of our cellular coating are evidenced by strong anti-abrasion, enhanced anti-corrosion against saltwater over 1000 h, and maintaining dry in complicated phase change conditions. The cells can be impregnated into diverse matrixes for facile mass production through scalable spraying. Our strategy provides a generic design blueprint for engineering ultra-durable coatings for a wide range of applications.
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Project description:This work demonstrates a new pathway to the direct on-surface fabrication of a superhydrophobic surface coating on mild steel. The coating was formed using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma to convert a liquid small-molecule precursor (1,2,4-tricholorobenzene) to a solid film via plasma-assisted on-surface polymerization. Plasma treatments were performed under a nitrogen atmosphere with a variety of power levels and durations. Samples were analysed by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), Raman spectroscopy, optical profilometry, contact angle measurement, and potentiodynamic polarisation tests. Wettability of the films varied with the plasma parameters, and through the inclusion of graphene nanoplatelets in the precursor. High-dose plasma exposures of the nanoplatelet-containing precursor created superhydrophobic films with water contact angles above 150°. Potentiodynamic polarisation tests revealed that the superhydrophobic coating provided little or no corrosion protection.
| S-EPMC9816161 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Superhydrophobic coatings have tremendous potential for applications in different fields and have been achieved commonly by increasing nanoscale roughness and lowering surface tension. Limited by the availability of either ideal nano-structural templates or simple fabrication procedures, the search of superhydrophobic coatings that are easy to manufacture and are robust in real-life applications remains challenging for both academia and industry. Herein, we report an unconventional protocol based on a single-step, stoichiometrically controlled reaction of long-chain organosilanes with water, which creates micro- to nano-scale hierarchical siloxane aggregates dispersible in industrial solvents (as the coating mixture). Excellent superhydrophobicity (ultrahigh water contact angle >170° and ultralow sliding angle <1°) has been attained on solid materials of various compositions and dimensions, by simply dipping into or spraying with the coating mixture. It has been demonstrated that these complete waterproof coatings hold excellent properties in terms of cost, scalability, robustness, and particularly the capability of encapsulating other functional materials (e.g. luminescent dyes).
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Project description:This work presents a novel coating technique to manufacture ceramic superhydrophobic coatings rapidly and economically. A rare earth oxide (REO) was selected as the coating material due to its hydrophobic nature, chemical inertness, high temperature stability, and good mechanical properties, and deposited on stainless steel substrates by solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS). The effects of various spraying conditions including standoff distance, torch power, number of torch passes, types of solvent and plasma velocity were investigated. The as-sprayed coating demonstrated a hierarchically structured surface topography, which closely resembles superhydrophobic surfaces found in nature. The water contact angle on the SPPS superhydrophobic coating was up to 65% higher than on smooth REO surfaces.
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Project description:Thermal sprayed aluminum coatings are widely scalable to corrosion protection of the offshore steel structure. However, the corrosion rate of the Al coating increases considerably due to the severe marine environment. It has remained a challenge to improve the corrosion resistance and protective ability of Al coatings. The superhydrophobic surface provides a potential way to improve the corrosion resistance of metal materials. Hence, the development of superhydrophobic Al coatings with superior corrosion resistance is of great interest. In this work, the feasibility of the preparation of superhydrophobic Al coatings on a steel substrate was explored. First, Al coatings were prepared onto the steel substrate by the arc-spraying process, followed by ultrasonic etching with 0.1 M NaOH solution, and afterward passivated using 1% fluorosilanes. The effects of the etching time on morphology, contact angle, and corrosion resistance of the Al coatings were evaluated. The schematic model of the fluorosilane passivation process on the Al coating surface was provided. The micro/nanoscale surface structure of the low-surface-energy fluorosilanes promotes the wetting angle of 153.4° and a rolling angle to 6.6°, denoting the superhydrophobic properties. The superhydrophobic Al coating surface displays excellent self-cleaning performance due to its weak adhesion to water droplets. The corrosion current density of the superhydrophobic Al coating (1.36 × 10-8 A cm-2) is 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of the as-sprayed Al coating (1.18 × 10-6 A cm-2). Similarly, the charge-transfer resistance is found to be 12 times larger for the superhydrophobic Al coating and the corresponding corrosion inhibition efficiency reaches 98.9%. The superhydrophobic Al coating displays superior corrosion resistance and promising applications in a marine corrosion environment.
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Project description:In this study, durable superhydrophobic fabrics with magnet responsive properties were prepared by a two-step coating technique using polydopamine (PDA), Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane as coating materials. The coated fabrics exhibit fast magnetic responsivity and a water contact angle of 156°. The coating is durable enough to withstand at least 50 cycles of home laundering and 500 cycles of Martindale abrasions without losing its superhydrophobicity and magnetic properties. The PDA pre-coating plays a significant role in improving the adhesion of hydrophobic Fe3O4 nanoparticles on fabric surface. The coated fabric is highly oleophilic (oil contact angle = 0°). When used for absorbing oil, the coated fabric floats naturally on the surface of oily water, and it can be moved to approach oil drops under magnetic actuation. The fabric is reusable for at least 10 cycles. This may offer an environmentally friendly way to prepare "smart" oil-recovery materials.
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