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Emerging role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in periodontal regeneration.

ABSTRACT: Periodontitis is a prevalent oral ailment that harms both hard and soft tissues of the periodontium, leading to loosening and eventual removal of the teeth. Current clinical treatments have limitations in achieving complete periodontal tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered attention due to their unique characteristics and potential as a promising new therapy for periodontitis. Research suggests that the role of MSCs in regenerative medicine primarily occurs through the paracrine pathway, involving the emission of particles encased by lipids called extracellular vesicles (EVs) abundant in bioactive compounds. These EVs play a vital function in controlling the activities of periodontal tissues and immune system cells, and by influencing the immediate surrounding, thus fostering the healing of periodontal damage and renewal of tissues. EVs obtained from MSCs (MSC-EVs), in the form of a cell-free treatment, offer advantages in terms of stability, reduced immune rejection, and ethical considerations, elevating their potential as a hopeful choice for broad clinical applications. This concise overview highlights the mechanisms of MSC-EVs and the possibilities they hold in clinical application for periodontal regeneration.

SUBMITTER: Anvari Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10876597 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Emerging role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in periodontal regeneration.

Anvari Yaldasadat Y Afrashteh Ahmad A Pourkaveh Sajjad S Salek Samira B SB Al-Numan Lelaw L Khademnezhad Sahar S

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 20240204 2

Periodontitis is a prevalent oral ailment that harms both hard and soft tissues of the periodontium, leading to loosening and eventual removal of the teeth. Current clinical treatments have limitations in achieving complete periodontal tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered attention due to their unique characteristics and potential as a promising new therapy for periodontitis. Research suggests that the role of MSCs in regenerative medicine primarily occurs through the ...[more]

PMID: 38380419

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Project description:BackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to possess immune regulatory effects in innate and adaptive immune reactions. MSCs can mediate intercellular communications by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs), which deliver functional molecules to targeted cells. MSC derived EVs (MSC-EVs) confer altering effects on many immune cells, including T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. A large number of studies have suggested that MSC-EVs participate in regulating autoimmunity related diseases. This characteristic of MSC-EVs makes them be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmunity related diseases.AimTo verify the potential of MSC-EVs for molecular targeted therapy of autoimmunity related diseases.MethodsLiterature search was conducted in PubMed to retrieve the articles published between 2010 and 2020 in the English language. The keywords, such as "MSCs," "EVs," "exosome," "autoimmunity," "tumor immunity," and "transplantation immunity," and Boolean operator "AND" and "NOT" coalesced admirably to be used for searching studies on the specific molecular mechanisms of MSC-EVs in many immune cell types and many autoimmunity related diseases. Studies that did not investigate the molecular mechanisms of MSC-EVs in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases were excluded.ResultsA total of 96 articles were chosen for final reference lists. After analyzing those publications, we found that it had been well documented that MSC-EVs have the ability to induce multiple immune cells, like T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages, to regulate immune responses in innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Many validated EVs-delivered molecules have been identified as key biomarkers, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleotides. Some EVs-encapsulated functional molecules can serve as promising therapeutic targets particularly for autoimmune disease.ConclusionMSC-EVs play an equally important part in the differentiation, activation, and proliferation of immune cells, and they may become potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of autoimmunity related diseases.

Dataset Information

Emerging role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in periodontal regeneration.

Publications

Emerging role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in periodontal regeneration.

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