Ductile Copolyesters Prepared Using Succinic Acid, 1,4-Butanediol, and Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) Terephthalate with Minimizing Generation of Tetrahydrofuran
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC10891720 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:This study explores the synthesis and performance of novel copolyesters containing 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) as a biobased secondary diol. This presents an opportunity for improving their thermal properties and reducing crystallinity, while also being more sustainable. It is, however, a challenge to synthesize copolyesters of sufficient molecular weight that also have high 2,3-BDO content, due to the reduced reactivity of secondary diols compared to primary diols. Terephthalate-based polyesters were synthesized in combination with different ratios of 2,3-BDO and ethylene glycol (EG). With a 2,3-BDO to EG ratio of 28:72, an Mn of 31.5 kDa was reached with a Tg of 88 °C. The Mn dropped with increasing 2,3-BDO content to 18.1 kDa for a 2,3-BDO to EG ratio of 78:22 (Tg = 104 °C) and further to 9.8 kDa (Tg = 104 °C) for the homopolyester of 2,3-BDO and terephthalate. The water and oxygen permeability both increased significantly with increasing 2,3-BDO content and even the lowest content of 2,3-BDO (28% of total diol) performed significantly worse than PET. The incorporation of 2,3-BDO had little effect on the tensile properties of the polyesters, which were similar to PET. The results suggest that 2,3-BDO can be potentially applied for polyesters requiring higher Tg and lower crystallinity than existing materials (mainly PET).
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Project description:Escherichia coli DH1 cultures with treated with 6% 1,4 Butanediol for 1 hour and compared with untreated cultures The data from this experiment was used to identify a candidate for further study as described in Szmidt et al 2013 Utilizing a highly responsive gene, yhjX, in E. coli based production of 1,4-Butanediol submitted to Chemical Engineering Science
2014-03-04 | GSE55496 | GEO
Project description:Escherichia coli DH1 cultures with treated with 6% 1,4 Butanediol for 1 hour and compared with untreated cultures The data from this experiment was used to identify a candidate for further study as described in Szmidt et al 2013 Utilizing a highly responsive gene, yhjX, in E. coli based production of 1,4-Butanediol submitted to Chemical Engineering Science 4x72k E.coli gene expression microarrays were used to study the genes that are differentialy expressed in the strain DH1 grown in defined medoin and exposed to 6% 1,4 Butanediol for one hour at mid-log growth stage.
2014-03-04 | E-GEOD-55496 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In the title compound, C(6)H(14)N(2+)·C(8)H(4)O(4) (2-), the protonated 1,4-diazo-niabicyclo-[2.2.2]octane cations and the deprotonated terephthalate anions are alternately linked by N-H?O hydrogen bonds into chains.
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Project description:Plastics, in all forms, are a ubiquitous cornerstone of modern civilization. Although humanity undoubtedly benefits from the versatility and durability of plastics, they also cause a tremendous burden for the environment. Bio-upcycling is a promising approach to reduce this burden, especially for polymers that are currently not amenable to mechanical recycling. Wildtype P. putida KT2440 is able to grow on 1,4-butanediol as sole carbon source, but only very slowly. Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) led to the isolation of several strains with significantly enhanced growth rate and yield. Genome re-sequencing and proteomic analysis were applied to characterize the genomic and metabolic basis of efficient 1,4-butanediol metabolism. Initially, 1,4-butanediol is oxidized to 4-hydroxybutyrate, in which the highly expressed dehydrogenase enzymes encoded within the PP_2674-2680 ped gene cluster play an essential role. The resulting 4-hydroxybutyrate can be metabolized through three possible pathways: (i) oxidation to succinate, (ii) CoA activation and subsequent oxidation to succinyl-CoA, and (iii) beta oxidation to glycolyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA. The evolved strains were both mutated in a transcriptional regulator (PP_2046) of an operon encoding both beta-oxidation related genes and an alcohol dehydrogenase. When either the regulator or the alcohol dehydrogenase is deleted, no 1,4-butanediol uptake or growth could be detected. Using a reverse engineering approach, PP_2046 was replaced by a synthetic promotor (14g) to overexpress the downstream operon (PP_2047-2051), thereby enhancing growth on 1,4-butanediol. This work provides a deeper understanding of microbial 1,4-butanediol metabolism in P. putida, which is also expandable to other aliphatic alpha-omega diols. It enables the more efficient metabolism of these diols, thereby enabling biotechnological valorization of plastic monomers in a bio-upcycling approach.
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Project description:Poly(butylene terephthalate-co-tetramethylene ether glycol) (PBT-co-PTMEG) copolymers with PTMEG ranging from 0 to 40 wt% were synthesized through melt polymerization. The structure and composition were supported by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). All samples had excellent thermal stability at a Td-5% around 370 °C. Crystallization temperature (Tc) and enthalpy of crystallization (ΔHc) were detected by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), revealing a decrement from 182.3 to 135.1 °C and 47.0 to 22.1 J g-1, respectively, with the increase in PTMEG concentration from 0 to 40 wt%. Moreover, nonisothermal crystallization was carried out to explore the crystallization behavior of copolymers; the crystallization rate of PBT reduced gradually when PTMEG content increased. Hence, a decrement in the spherulite growth rate was detected in polarizing light microscope (PLM) observation, observing that the PTMEG could enhance the hindrance in the molecular chain to lower the crystallinity of PBT-co-PTMEG copolyester. Moreover, thermal properties and the crystallization rate of PBT-co-PTMEG copolymers can be amended via the regulation of PTMEG contents.
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Project description:Bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) obtained from waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) glycolysis often have undesirable colors, leading to an increased cost in the decoloration of the product and limiting the industrialization of chemical recycling. In this work, eight types of ion-exchange resins were used for BHET decoloration, and resin D201 showed an outstanding performance not only in the decoloration efficiency but also in the retention rate of the product. Under the optimal conditions, the removal rate of the colorant and the retention efficiency of BHET were over 99% and 95%, respectively. D201 showed outstanding reusability with five successive cycles, and the decolored BHET and its r-PET showed good chromaticity. Furthermore, the investigations of adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics have been conducted, which indicated that the decoloration process was a natural endothermic reaction. Adsorption interactions between the colorant and resin were extensively examined by various characterizations, revealing that electrostatic force, π-π interactions, and hydrogen bonding were the dominant adsorption mechanisms.
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Project description:As an important biodegradable and partially biobased copolyester, poly(butylene succinate-co-terephthalate) (PBST) possesses comparable thermal and mechanical properties and superior gas barrier performance when compared with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), but it was found to display poorer melt processability during pelletizing and injection molding. To make clear its melt crystallization behavior under rapid cooling, PBST48 and PBST44 were synthesized, and their melt crystallization was investigated comparatively with PBAT48. PBST48 showed a PBAT48-comparable melt crystallization performance at a cooling rate of 10 °C/min or at isothermal conditions, but it showed a melt crystallization ability at a cooling rate of 40 °C/min which was clearly poorer. PBST44, which has the same mass composition as PBAT48, completely lost its melt crystallization ability under the rapid cooling. The weaker chain mobility of PBST, resulting from its shorter succinate moiety, is responsible for its inferior melt crystallization ability and processability. In comparison with PBAT48, PBST48 displayed higher tensile modulus, and both PBST48 and PBST44 showed higher light transmittance. The findings in this study deepen the understanding of PBST's properties and will be of guiding significance for improving PBST's processability and application development.
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Project description:Adsorption of heavy metals from degraded of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) products by strong cation exchange resin AmberliteIR-120 under optimized conditions toward the selectivity removal of metals are in the following order: Al3+ > Zn2+ > Mg2+ > Fe2+ > Ni2+. Therefore, kinetic and adsorption isotherm models were applied for fitting experimental data. Comparatively, adsorption isotherm study revealed that Langmuir isotherm model better fits adsorption on surface of resin over than the Freundlich model. In summary, AmberliteIR-120 strong acid cation exchange resin can be used as an efficient adsorbent for heavy metals removal from depolymerized products bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate.
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Project description:At present, there are too few organ and tissue donors. Due to the needs of the medical market, scientists are seeking new solutions. Those can be found in tissue engineering by synthesizing synthetic cell scaffolds. We have decided to synthesize a potential UV-crosslinked bio-ink for 3D printing, poly(1,4-butanediol itaconate), in response to emerging needs. Diol polyesters are commonly investigated for their use in tissue engineering. However, itaconic acid makes it possible to post-modify the obtained polymer via UV-crosslinking. This work aims to optimize the synthesis of poly(1,4-butanediol itaconate) in the presence of a catalyst, zinc acetate, without using any toxic reactant. The experiments used itaconic acid and 1,4-butanediol using the Box-Behnken mathematical planning method. The input variables were the amount of the catalyst used, as well as the time and temperature of the synthesis. The optimized output variables were the percentage conversion of carboxyl groups, the percentage of unreacted C=C bonds, and the product's visual and viscosity analysis. The significance of the varying synthesis parameters was determined in each statistical model. The optimum conditions were as follows: amount of catalyst 0.3%nCOOH, reaction time 4 h, and temperature 150 °C. The temperature had the most significant impact on the product characteristics, mainly due to side reactions. Experimentally developed models of the polymerization process enable the effective synthesis of a polymer "tailor-made" for a specific application.
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