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Effect of powder oxidation on the impact toughness of electron beam melt Ti-6Al-4V.

ABSTRACT: Powder quality in additive manufacturing (AM) electron beam melt (EBM) of Ti-6Al-4V components is crucial in determining the critical material properties of the end item. In this study, we report on the effect of powder oxidation on the Charpy impact energy of Ti-6Al-4V parts manufactured using EBM. In addition to oxidation, the effects on impact energy due to hot isostatic pressing (HIP), specimen orientation, and EBM process defects were also investigated. This research has shown that excessive powder oxidation (oxygen mass fraction above 0.25 % and up to 0.46 %) dramatically decreases the impact energy. It was determined that the room temperature impact energy of the parts after excessive oxidation was reduced by about seven times. We also report that HIP post-processing significantly increases the impact toughness, especially for specimens with lower or normal oxygen content. The specimen orientation effect was found to be more significant for low oxidation levels.

SUBMITTER: Grell WA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10941301 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of powder oxidation on the impact toughness of electron beam melt Ti-6Al-4V.

Grell W A WA Solis-Ramos E E Clark E E Lucon E E Garboczi E J EJ Predecki P K PK Loftus Z Z Kumosa M M

Acta materialia 20171001

Powder quality in additive manufacturing (AM) electron beam melt (EBM) of Ti-6Al-4V components is crucial in determining the critical material properties of the end item. In this study, we report on the effect of powder oxidation on the Charpy impact energy of Ti-6Al-4V parts manufactured using EBM. In addition to oxidation, the effects on impact energy due to hot isostatic pressing (HIP), specimen orientation, and EBM process defects were also investigated. This research has shown that excessiv ...[more]

PMID: 38496266

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Project description:Metal additive manufacturing (AM) enables customizable, on-demand parts, allowing for new designs and improved engineering performance. Yet, the ability to control AM metal alloy microstructures (i.e., grain morphology, crystallographic texture, and phase content) is lacking. This work performs corroborative neutron diffraction and large-scale electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements to assess crystallographic texture in electron beam melted (EBM) Ti-6Al-4V as a function of scan strategy and build height. Texture components for one raster and two spot melt scan strategies were evaluated using a triclinic specimen symmetry to capture all possible texture components, which were found to be considerably different than previously reported values from studies employing orthotropic specimen symmetry. This finding highlights the importance of a standard method and best practice for assessing textures produced by AM. Texture was found to vary between scan strategies, but changed minimally as a function of build height. Parent phase β-Ti reconstructions obtained from as-built crystallographic orientations revealed spot melt scan strategies produced finer equiaxed/columnar grains with clear 001 β build direction fiber textures, whereas the raster scan strategy produced large columnar grains and a weaker 001 β build direction fiber texture. The observed grain morphologies agree with those predicted by solidification theory for the thermal gradients and solidification velocities experienced during the build process. The presence of a strong 001 β fiber orientation (typical of cubic solidification) produced by spot melting was found to correlate with a previously unreported 011¯2α fiber texture in the as-built condition and colony microstructures. The 011¯2α fiber texture was weakly observed for the raster scan strategy, and 001 β oriented grains preferentially transformed into α' martensite with orientations between 11¯00α and 112¯0α . This shift in product α-Ti orientations has not yet been reported, and further work is recommended to understand these crystallographic signatures in the context of solid-state phase transformations. The presence of the 011¯2α fiber texture is proposed as a useful diagnostic for evaluating the solidification or transformed microstructure condition (e.g., grain morphology and texture) of Ti-6Al-4V AM builds via accessible techniques like laboratory X-ray diffraction.

Dataset Information

Effect of powder oxidation on the impact toughness of electron beam melt Ti-6Al-4V.

Publications

Effect of powder oxidation on the impact toughness of electron beam melt Ti-6Al-4V.

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