Dataset Information

Influence of vitamin D supplementation on growth, body composition, pubertal development and spirometry in South African schoolchildren: a randomised controlled trial (ViDiKids).

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To determine whether weekly oral vitamin D supplementation influences growth, body composition, pubertal development or spirometric outcomes in South African schoolchildren.

Design

Phase 3 double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Setting

Socioeconomically disadvantaged peri-urban district of Cape Town, South Africa.

Participants

1682 children of black African ancestry attending government primary schools and aged 6-11 years at baseline.

Interventions

Oral vitamin D₃ (10 000 IU/week) versus placebo for 3 years.

Main outcome measures

Height-for-age and body mass index-for-age, measured in all participants; Tanner scores for pubertal development, spirometric lung volumes and body composition, measured in a subset of 450 children who additionally took part in a nested substudy.

Results

Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ concentration at 3-year follow-up was higher among children randomised to receive vitamin D versus placebo (104.3 vs 64.7 nmol/L, respectively; mean difference (MD) 39.7 nmol/L, 95% CI 37.6 to 41.9 nmol/L). No statistically significant differences in height-for-age z-score (adjusted MD (aMD) -0.08, 95% CI -0.19 to 0.03) or body mass index-for-age z-score (aMD -0.04, 95% CI -0.16 to 0.07) were seen between vitamin D versus placebo groups at follow-up. Among substudy participants, allocation to vitamin D versus placebo did not influence pubertal development scores, % predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), % predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), % predicted FEV1/FVC, fat mass or fat-free mass.

Conclusions

Weekly oral administration of 10 000 IU vitamin D₃ boosted vitamin D status but did not influence growth, body composition, pubertal development or spirometric outcomes in South African schoolchildren.

Trial registration numbers

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02880982, South African National Clinical Trials Register DOH-27-0916-5527.

SUBMITTER: Middelkoop K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11015302 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Influence of vitamin D supplementation on growth, body composition, pubertal development and spirometry in South African schoolchildren: a randomised controlled trial (ViDiKids).

Middelkoop Keren K Micklesfield Lisa L Stewart Justine J Walker Neil N Jolliffe David A DA Mendham Amy E AE Coussens Anna K AK Nuttall James J Tang Jonathan J Fraser William D WD Momand Waheedullah W Cooper Cyrus C Harvey Nicholas C NC Wilkinson Robert J RJ Bekker Linda-Gail LG Martineau Adrian R AR

BMJ paediatrics open 20240410 1

<h4>Objective</h4>To determine whether weekly oral vitamin D supplementation influences growth, body composition, pubertal development or spirometric outcomes in South African schoolchildren.<h4>Design</h4>Phase 3 double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial.<h4>Setting</h4>Socioeconomically disadvantaged peri-urban district of Cape Town, South Africa.<h4>Participants</h4>1682 children of black African ancestry attending government primary schools and aged 6-11 years at baseline.<h4>Interven ...[more]

PMID: 38599800

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Project description:BackgroundThe prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing among African children potentially predisposing them to greater obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. This risk may be higher among growth-impaired children who may have greater fat mass. Therefore, we examined the effects of school-based physical activity (PA) promotion and multi-micronutrient supplementation (MMNS) on body composition among South African children enrolled in a longitudinal school-based randomized controlled trial.MethodsChildren were cluster-randomized by class to one of four groups: (a) a physical activity group (PA), (b) a multi-micronutrient supplementation group (MMNS), (c) a physical activity + multi-micronutrient supplementation group (PA + MMNS), and (d) control group, and were being followed for 3 years. Linear random effects regression models with random intercepts for school classes tested the associations of each intervention arm with overall fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), truncal fat mass (TrFM), and truncal fat-free mass (TrFFM) at 9 months (T2) for boys and girls. These differences were then explored among children who differed in height velocity (HV).ResultsA total of 1304 children (614 girls, 667 boys) in twelve clusters were assessed at baseline and after 9 months follow-up (T2). At baseline, approximately 15% of children were classified as overweight or obese while approximately 38% of children were classified as mildly stunted or moderately/severely stunted. Among girls, promotion of PA was associated with reduced FM and TrFM at T2 while MMNS was associated with increased FFM. Children with reduced HV in the PA arm had reduced FM while children in the MMNS arm with lower HV had increased FM compared to children in the control arm. Similarly, children with lower HV in the MM and PA groups had reduced TrFM compared to children in the control arm.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the promotion of school-based physical activity programs and micronutrient supplementation can reduce childhood adiposity and so reduce the risk of obesity and chronic diseases later in adulthood.Trial registrationISRCTN, ISRCTN29534081 . Registered on August 9, 2018. The trial was designed, analyzed, and interpreted based on the CONSORT protocol (Additional file 1: CONSORT checklist for randomized trial).

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Dataset Information

Influence of vitamin D supplementation on growth, body composition, pubertal development and spirometry in South African schoolchildren: a randomised controlled trial (ViDiKids).

Objective

Design

Setting

Participants

Interventions

Main outcome measures

Results

Conclusions

Trial registration numbers

Publications

Influence of vitamin D supplementation on growth, body composition, pubertal development and spirometry in South African schoolchildren: a randomised controlled trial (ViDiKids).

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