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Nutrient Patterns and Body Composition Parameters of Black South African Women.

ABSTRACT: Obesity is more prevalent in black South African women than men. However, little is known about the nutrient patterns associated with body composition indices in black African women. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to 25 nutrients derived from quantified food frequency questionnaires (QFFQs) in 498 middle aged black South African women. Three nutrient patterns, the plant driven, animal driven and Vitamin C, sugar and potassium driven nutrient patterns, accounted for 59% of the variance of nutrient intake. Linear models of the body composition parameters as outcome variables indicated that a standard deviation increase in the animal driven nutrient pattern was significantly associated with increases in body mass index (BMI) (1.29 kg·m^-2 (95% CI, 0.54-2.04; p = 0.001), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (26.30 cm² (7.97-44.63); p = 0.005), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (9.88 cm² (5.13-14.63); p < 0.001), VAT/SAT ratio (0.01 (0.00-0.02); p = 0.018), whole body fat mass index (0.74 kg·m^-2 (0.25-1.22); p = 0.003), and whole body lean mass index (0.53 kg·m^-2 (0.23-0.83); p = 0.001). An increase in plant driven nutrient pattern was significantly associated with an increase in SAT of 20.45 cm² (0.47-40.43); p = 0.045. This study demonstrates that animal driven nutrient pattern, characterised by the consumption of more animal protein and fat nutrients, similar to the western diet is associated with increased body fat and lean mass.

SUBMITTER: Makura-Kankwende CBT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7822018 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nutrient Patterns and Body Composition Parameters of Black South African Women.

Makura-Kankwende Caroline B T CBT Gradidge Philippe J PJ Crowther Nigel J NJ Norris Shane A SA Chikowore Tinashe T

Nutrients 20201222 1

Obesity is more prevalent in black South African women than men. However, little is known about the nutrient patterns associated with body composition indices in black African women. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to 25 nutrients derived from quantified food frequency questionnaires (QFFQs) in 498 middle aged black South African women. Three nutrient patterns, the plant driven, animal driven and Vitamin C, sugar and potassium driven nutrient patterns, accounted for 59% of the var ...[more]

PMID: 33375014

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Project description:UnlabelledThis is the first report examining vitamin D status and bone mass in African women with HIV infection using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with an appropriate HIV-negative control group. Unlike previous publications, it demonstrates no difference in bone mineral density (BMD) or vitamin D status in HIV-positive patients, at different disease stages, vs. HIV-negative subjects.IntroductionLow bone mass and poor vitamin D status have been reported among HIV-positive patients; suggesting HIV or its treatment may increase the risk of osteoporosis, a particular concern for women in countries with high HIV prevalence such as South Africa. We describe bone mass and vitamin D status in urban premenopausal South African women, who were HIV positive but not on antiretroviral therapy (ARV).MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional measurement of BMD and body composition by DXA and vitamin D status by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration. Subjects were recruited into three groups: HIV negative (n = 98) and HIV positive with preserved CD₄ cell count (non-ARV; n = 74) or low CD₄ cell counts prior to ARV initiation (pre-ARV; n = 75).ResultsThe mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of women was 32.1 (7.2) years. Mean CD₄ (SD) counts (×10(6)/l) were 412 (91) and 161 (69) in non-ARV and pre-ARV groups (p < 0.0001). Pre-ARV women were significantly lighter and had lower mean BMI than the other two groups (p < 0.002). The pre-ARV group also had significantly less fat and lean mass compared with non-ARV and HIV-negative subjects (p ≤ 0.05). After full adjustment, there were no significant differences in BMD at any site (p > 0.05) between the groups, nor was vitamin D status significantly different between groups (p > 0.05); the mean (SD) cohort 25(OH)D being 60 (18) nmol/l.ConclusionContrary to previous studies, these HIV-positive women did not have lower BMD or 25(OH)D concentrations than HIV-negative controls, despite the pre-ARV group being lighter with lower BMI.

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Nutrient Patterns and Body Composition Parameters of Black South African Women.

Publications

Nutrient Patterns and Body Composition Parameters of Black South African Women.

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