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Detection of encephalitis-causing viruses reveals predominance of chikungunya virus in the state of Bahia, Brazil.


ABSTRACT:

Objectives

Encephalitis is a severe neurological syndrome for which herpesvirus and enteroviruses are the most common etiological agents. Arboviruses, a wildly diverse group of pathogens, are also critical epidemiological agents associated with encephalitis. In Brazil, little is known about the causative agents of encephalitis.

Methods

We conducted a hospital surveillance for encephalitis between 2020 and 2022. Molecular (RT-PCR and qPCR) and serological (virus-specific IgM and viral antigens) techniques were performed in cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples obtained from study participants.

Results

In the 43 participants evaluated, the etiologic agent or the presence of IgM was detected in 16 (37.2%). Nine (20.9%) cases were positive for chikungunya virus (CHIKV), three (7.0%) for dengue virus, two (4.7%) for human adenovirus, one (2.3%) for varicella-zoster virus, and one (2.3%) for enterovirus. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the CHIKV identified belongs to the East/Central/South African lineage.

Conclusion

Herein, CHIKV is a common pathogen identified in encephalitis cases. Our results reinforce previous evidence that chikungunya represents a significant cause of encephalitis during CHIKV outbreaks and epidemics and add to existing information on the epidemiology of encephalitis in Brazil.

SUBMITTER: Sampaio MPS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11183300 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Detection of encephalitis-causing viruses reveals predominance of chikungunya virus in the state of Bahia, Brazil.

Sampaio Maria Paula de Souza MPS   do Rosário Mateus Santana MS   Martins Lorena Cunha LC   Trindade Luiza Vieira Luedy LVL   Francisco Marcos Vinicius Lima de Oliveira MVLO   Costa Bernardo Gratival Gouvea BGG   Vasconcelos Gessica Almeida GA   Lima Italo Andrade Barbosa IAB   Macêdo Yasmin Santos Freitas YSF   Carvalho Fernanda Maria Lessa FML   de Santana Marina Borges Rabelo MBR   Khouri Ricardo R   Fritsch Hegger H   Xavier Joilson J   Fonseca Vagner V   Giovanetti Marta M   de Mello Arabela Leal E Silva ALES   Pereira Felicidade Mota FM   Campos Gubio Soares GS   de Jesus Pedro Antonio Pereira PAP   Farias Daniel Santana DS   de Souza Murilo Santos MS   Galvão Adilson Junior Pinto AJP   Costa Felipe Oliveira FO   Bessa Marcia Carvalho MC   Chagas Janeusa Rita Leite Primo JRLP   Silvany Celia C   Teles Jose Mário Meira JMM   de Lima Maricelia Maia MM   Farias Tarsis Leonardo Almeida TLA   Gräf Tiago T   de Siqueira Isadora Cristina IC  

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 20240516


<h4>Objectives</h4>Encephalitis is a severe neurological syndrome for which herpesvirus and enteroviruses are the most common etiological agents. Arboviruses, a wildly diverse group of pathogens, are also critical epidemiological agents associated with encephalitis. In Brazil, little is known about the causative agents of encephalitis.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a hospital surveillance for encephalitis between 2020 and 2022. Molecular (RT-PCR and qPCR) and serological (virus-specific IgM and vi  ...[more]

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