Alteration of gut microbiome in goslings infected with goose astrovirus
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Li H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC11253677 | biostudies-literature | 2024 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Goose nephritic astrovirus (GNAstV) was first isolated in 2018, causing great economic losses to the goose industry. However, little is known about host immune response to GNAstV infection. In this study, forty 2-day-old goslings were randomly divided into 2 groups: infection and negative control groups. Each gosling in the infection group was challenged with 0.5 mL GNAstV-JSHA intramuscularly, whereas the gosling in the negative control group was inoculated with the same amount of PBS. Histopathological changes and virus location in the spleen and kidney were examined, and the expression of immune-related genes was determined by qPCR at 7 and 14 d after infection. Our results showed that GNAstV infection induced degeneration and necrosis of splenic lymphocytes and renal epithelial cells, and these cells were positive for the virus. In addition, GNAstV infection induced the activation of pattern recognition receptors (RIG-I, MDA-5, and TLR3) and key adaptor molecules (MyD88, MAVS, and IRF7) in the spleen and kidney, and upregulated the gene expression of interferon-α in the spleen and antiviral proteins (MX1, OASL, and IFITM3) in the spleen and kidney. Moreover, high expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 in the spleen and iNOS in the spleen and kidney were found. These results indicated that GNAstV infection activated host innate immune response. Furthermore, GNAstV infection increased the expression levels of CD8+, MHCI, and MHCII, indicating that adaptive immune response was activated. Besides, TGF-β was highly expressed in the spleen and kidney, which may be an immune evasion strategy of GNAstV to cause infection. Interestingly, both IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA levels were decreased in the kidney, which may help reduce kidney lesions. This is the first study to report changes in immune-related gene expression in response to GNAstV infection, and our results provide insights into viral pathogenesis.
| S-EPMC7921877 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundA novel goose-origin astrovirus (GoAstV) has broken out across China in recent years, causing gout in goslings with a mortality rate of around 50%. However, our understanding of the dynamic distribution, tissue tropism and pathogenesis of GoAstV is incomplete. In order to assess its pathogenicity, one-day-old goslings were inoculated separately with GoAstV via oral and subcutaneous injection routes.ResultsClinical symptoms, gross and microscopic lesions, blood biochemical parameters and viral loads were detected and recorded for 20 days after infection. Typical gout was observed in experimental goslings. GoAstV can be replicated in tissues and cause pathological damage, especially in the kidney, liver, heart and spleen. Virus-specific genomic RNA was detected in blood, cloacal swabs and all representative tissues, and virus shedding was detected up to 20 days after inoculation, suggesting that GoAstV has a wide tissue tropism and spread systematically after inoculation. The viral copy numbers examined in kidney were the highest, followed by spleen and liver.ConclusionThis experiment determined the accurate value of viral loads and biochemical indicators of GoAstV-induced goslings. These findings increase our understanding of the pathogenicity of GoAstV in goslings and provide more reference for future research.
| S-EPMC7818743 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In 2018, a new goose astrovirus (GAstrV) was reported in China, which causes 2 to 20% deaths in 4- to 16-day-old goslings causing great damages to the livestock industry. Gout is the typical feature of GAstrV infection in goslings. However, the mechanism of gout formation remains unclear. In the present study, 2-day-old goslings were infected intramuscularly with GAstrV for 14 D. One quarter of the infected goslings died, and typical gout pathological changes were found in the dead infected goslings. Pathological changes were observed in the morphology of the kidney and liver, such as degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Accordingly, a high virus load was found in both organs. The serum level of uric acid in the inoculated goslings was higher, whereas no differences were found in levels of creatinine, calcium, and phosphorus. Moreover, the xanthine dehydrogenase (XOD) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities and the mRNA levels of xanthine dehydrogenase, adenosine deaminase, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase, and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 in livers increased, wheres the multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 mRNA level and Na-K-ATPase activity in the kidneys decreased. These results showed that GAstrV infection could cause lesions on the liver and kidney and then increase the expression or activity of enzymes related to uric acid production in the liver and decrease renal excretion function, which contribute to hyperuricemia and gout formation.
| S-EPMC7587898 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In recent years, goose gout, a severe infectious disease, has affected the development of the goose industry in China. Two different genotypes of goose astrovirus (GAstV), named as GAstV-1 and GAstV-2, were identified. GAstV-2 viruses are known to be the causative agent of goose gout; however, GAstV-1 has not been isolated, and the relationship between GAstV-1 and goose gout is unknown. One full genome sequence, designated as GAstV/CHN/TZ03/2019 (TZ03), was determined from the clinical tissue samples of a diseased gosling using next-generation sequencing. The complete genome of TZ03 was 7,262 nucleotides in length with typical genomic characteristics of avastroviruses. The TZ03 strain shares the highest identity (96.6%) with the GAstV-1 strain FLX, but only 51.5 to 61.3% identity with other astroviruses in Avastrovirus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the TZ03 strain clustered together with the GAstV-1 strains FLX and AHDY and was highly divergent from GAstV-2 viruses. The TZ03 strain was successfully isolated from goose embryos and caused 100% mortality of goose embryos after 5 passages. Electron microscopy showed that the virus particles were spherical with a diameter of ∼22 nm. The clinical symptoms were reproduced by experimental infection of healthy goslings, which were similar to those caused by GAstV-2 strains. Our data show that GAstV-1 is one of the causative agents of the ongoing goose gout disease in China. These findings enrich our understanding of the evolution of GAstVs that cause gout and provide potential options for developing biological products to treat goose gout.
| S-EPMC8463770 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Goose astrovirus (GoAstV) is a new Avastrovirus of the genus astrovirus causing gout, hemorrhage, and swellings of kidneys that have affected goslings around the major goose-producing regions in China. The GoAstV is divided into goose astrovirus type 1 (GoAstV-1) and goose astrovirus type 2 (GoAstV-2). Although GoAstV-2 is known to be the causative agent of goose gout, little published information about the relationship between GoAstV-1 and goose gout is unknown. In this study, we investigated the presence of GoAstV-1 in 293 visceral tissue/dead embryos samples with gout on different farms in Jiangxi province, China. A survey result indicated that the mono-infection of GoAstV-1 (32.08%) and co-infection of GoAstV-1 (12.28%) with GoAstV-2 in gout goslings in Jiangxi, China. JXGZ, a GoAstV-1 strain, was effectively isolated from the visceral tissue of gosling gout and serially propagated for more than 25 passages in a goose embryo. The JXGZ strain's whole genome was sequenced and investigated. Phylogenetic analysis of complete genome and capsid protein sequences of JXGZ strain show that it was more closely related to GoAstV-1 strain than GoAstV-2 strain and was grouped within the GoAstV-1 cluster. These findings will aid in the development of efficient diagnostic reagents and possible vaccinations by providing insight into the prevalence and genetic evolution of GoAstV-1 in China.
| S-EPMC9117930 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A novel gout disease, characterized by visceral urate deposition with high-mortality, with outbreaks in goslings in China since 2016 was caused by a novel goose astrovirus (GoAstV) and resulted in serious economic loss. However, the epidemiology and variation of the GoAstV in goslings in southern China and its evolutionary history as well as the classification of the GoAstV are unclear. In the present study, systematic molecular epidemiology, and phylogenetic analyses of the GoAstV were conducted to address these issues. Our results showed that the GoAstV is widespread in goslings in southern China, and the genomes of six GoAstV strains were obtained. Two amino acid mutations (Y36H and E456D) were identified in capsid proteins in this study, which is the dominant antigen for the GoAstV. In addition, the GoAstV could be divided into two distinct clades, GoAstV-1 and GoAstV-2, and GoAstV-2 is responsible for gout outbreaks in goslings and could be classified into Avastrovirus 3 (AAstV-3), while GoAstV-1 belongs to Avastrovirus 1 (AAstV-1). Moreover, the emergence of GoAstV-2 in geese was estimated to have occurred in January 2010, approximately 12 years ago, while GoAstV-1 emerged earlier than GoAstV-2 and was estimated to have emerged in April 1985 based on Bayesian analysis. The mean evolutionary rate for the GoAstV was also calculated to be approximately 1.42 × 10-3 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. In conclusion, this study provides insight into the epidemiology of the GoAstV in goslings in southern China and is helpful for understanding the origin and evolutionary history as well as the classification of the GoAstV in geese.
| S-EPMC9230684 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Goose astrovirus islote JS33-3, coplete genome
| PRJNA866698 | ENA
Project description:The emergence of a novel goose nephritic astrovirus (GNAstV) has caused economic losses to the Chinese goose industry. High viral load is found in the spleen of goslings infected with GNAstV, but pathological injuries to the spleen due to GNAstV are largely unknown. In this study, 50 two-day-old goslings were infected orally with GNAstV, and 50 goslings were treated with PBS as control. Spleens were collected at different times following infection to assess damage. GNAstV infection caused visceral gout and urate deposition in joints, and resulted in 16% mortality. GNAstV was found in the lymphocytes and macrophages within the spleen. Lymphocyte loss, especially around the white pulp, and destruction and decline in the number of reticular fibers was observed in GNAstV-infected goslings. Moreover, in GNAstV-infected goslings, ultrahistopathological examination found that splenic lymphocytes exhibited condensed chromatin and apoptotic bodies, and reticular cells displayed damage to plasma membrane integrity and swollen mitochondria. Furthermore, TUNEL staining confirmed apoptosis of lymphocytes, and the mRNA levels of Fas and FasL were significantly increased in the GNAstV-infected goslings. In addition, GNAstV infection reduced the number and protein expression of CD8. In conclusion, GNAstV infection causes lymphocyte depletion, reticular cell necrosis, reticular fiber destruction, lymphocyte apoptosis, and reduction in CD8 levels, which contribute to spleen injury.
| S-EPMC8229047 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Astroviruses are a common cause of gastroenteritis in humans and animals. They are also associated with extraintestinal infections, including hepatitis in ducklings, nephritis in chickens, as well as fatal meningitis and encephalitis in humans and other mammals. Since 2014, outbreaks of disease characterized by visceral gout and swelling of kidneys have been reported in goslings and ducklings in China, with the causative agent revealed to be a novel avian astrovirus designated goose astrovirus (GoAstV). In the present study, this novel gout-associated GoAstV was identified in diseased goslings from 2 farms in Hunan province, China. Three genomes were successfully sequenced and analyzed and were shown to have high identities of 99.7 to 99.8% between each other, with some specific amino acid alterations revealed in open reading frame 2 when compared with other gout-associated GoAstVs. Two strains were further efficiently isolated in the DF-1 chicken fibroblast cell line with high virus titers of 1011 viral genomic copies per mL of culture media. A pilot virus challenge study using GoAstV in chickens demonstrated that this virus can cause clinical visceral gout in chickens, indicating its ability to cross the species barrier. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of capsid sequences, the identified GoAstVs were proposed to be classified into 2 genotypes, GoAstV1 and GoAstV2, and the novel gout-associated GoAstVs were all clustered in GoAstV2. Further Bayesian inference analyses indicated a nucleotide substitution rate of 1.46 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year for avian astrovirus based on open reading frame 2 sequences, and the time to the most recent common ancestor of GoAstVs was estimated to be around 2011. This is the first report to confirm GoAstV can infect chickens while also providing an estimation of the evolutionary rates of Avastroviruses.
| S-EPMC7858137 | biostudies-literature