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Incomplete transcriptional dosage compensation of chicken and platypus sex chromosomes is balanced by post-transcriptional compensation.


ABSTRACT: Heteromorphic sex chromosomes (XY or ZW) present problems of gene dosage imbalance between sexes and with autosomes. A need for dosage compensation has long been thought to be critical in vertebrates. However, this was questioned by findings of unequal mRNA abundance measurements in monotreme mammals and birds. Here, we demonstrate unbalanced mRNA levels of X genes in platypus males and females and a correlation with differential loading of histone modifications. We also observed unbalanced transcripts of Z genes in chicken. Surprisingly, however, we found that protein abundance ratios were 1:1 between the sexes in both species, indicating a post-transcriptional layer of dosage compensation. We conclude that sex chromosome output is maintained in chicken and platypus (and perhaps many other non therian vertebrates) via a combination of transcriptional and post-transcriptional control, consistent with a critical importance of sex chromosome dosage compensation.

SUBMITTER: Lister NC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11317591 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Incomplete transcriptional dosage compensation of chicken and platypus sex chromosomes is balanced by post-transcriptional compensation.

Lister Nicholas C NC   Milton Ashley M AM   Patel Hardip R HR   Waters Shafagh A SA   Hanrahan Benjamin J BJ   McIntyre Kim L KL   Livernois Alexandra M AM   Horspool William B WB   Wee Lee Kian LK   Ringel Alessa R AR   Mundlos Stefan S   Robson Michael I MI   Shearwin-Whyatt Linda L   Grützner Frank F   Graves Jennifer A Marshall JAM   Ruiz-Herrera Aurora A   Waters Paul D PD  

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20240729 32


Heteromorphic sex chromosomes (XY or ZW) present problems of gene dosage imbalance between sexes and with autosomes. A need for dosage compensation has long been thought to be critical in vertebrates. However, this was questioned by findings of unequal mRNA abundance measurements in monotreme mammals and birds. Here, we demonstrate unbalanced mRNA levels of X genes in platypus males and females and a correlation with differential loading of histone modifications. We also observed unbalanced tran  ...[more]

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